Abstract
More than 200 recent collections of Trichoderma from China were examined and 16 species belonging to the Viride clade were identified based on integrated studies of phenotypic and molecular data. Among them, seven wood-inhabiting new species, T. albofulvopsis, T. densum, T. laevisporum, T. sinokoningii, T. sparsum, T. sphaerosporum and T. subviride, are found. They form trichoderma- to verticillium-like conidiophores, lageniform to subulate phialides and globose to ellipsoidal conidia, but vary greatly in colony features, growth rates, and sizes of phialides and conidia. To explore their taxonomic positions, the phylogenetic tree including all the known species of the Viride clade is constructed based on sequence analyses of the combined RNA polymerase II subunit b and translation elongation factor 1 alpha exon genes. Our results indicated that the seven new species were well-located in the Koningii, Rogersonii and Neorufum subclades as well as a few independent terminal branches. They are clearly distinguishable from any existing species. Morphological distinctions and sequence divergences between the new species and their close relatives were discussed.
Highlights
Viride clade is the largest and most diverse group of the genus Trichoderma Pers. (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales)
Jaklitsch and Voglmayr renamed the clade as Viride clade and provided an updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree based on RPB2 or TEF1-α sequences, in which six subclades were suggested[12]
More than 100 recent collections of Trichoderma Viride clade from northern and central China were examined, and seven new species are found based on the integrated studies of phenotypic and molecular data
Summary
Viride clade is the largest and most diverse group of the genus Trichoderma Pers. (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales). Species in this clade mostly form brown to rufous stromata with inconspicuous ostiolar dots, hyaline ascospores, trichoderma-, verticillium- or pachybasium-like conidiophores with paired, verticillate phialides and green conidia. As the sister of T. albofulvopsis in the Koningii subclade (Fig. 1), T. albofulvum forms trichoderma-like conidiophores, but the presence of reddish brown pigments in culture, fast-growth, and green smaller conidia [2.8–3.5 × 1.8–3.0 μm] apparently separate them.
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