Abstract
Recent clinical trials failed to demonstrate that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplement reduced cardiovascular events, which contradicted previous evidence. However, serum ω-3 PUFA concentrations of participants remained unclear in those studies. We aimed to investigate the definite relationship between serum concentrations of ω-3 PUFAs and coronary artery disease (CAD), and to explore the potential influence factors of ω-3 PUFAs. We selected Chinese in-patients (n = 460) with multiple cardiovascular risk factors or an established diagnosis of CAD. Serum ω-3 PUFAs, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Serum concentrations of ω-3 PUFAs in CAD patients were lower than that in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, high serum DHA concentration was an independent protective factor of CAD after adjustment for confounding factors (OR: 0.52, p = 0.014). Alcohol intake (p = 0.036) and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) usage (p = 0.027) were associated with a decreased serum ω-3 PUFA concentration. We conclude that serum concentrations of ω-3 PUFAs may associate with a decreased CAD proportion, and DHA may serve as a protective factor of CAD. Serum ω-3 PUFA concentrations may be reduced by alcohol intake and certain drugs like PPIs.
Highlights
The effectiveness of long-term intervention of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) as a secondary prevention of atherosclerotic diseases, including coronary artery disease (CAD), has been investigated in clinical trials
Ω-3 PUFA intake is commonly measured by dietary methods, such as semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ)[12,13], and serum concentrations are determined by gas chromatography[14,15,16,17,18]
Whether ω-3 PUFAs are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events remain controversial, and data on serum ω-3 PUFA concentrations are still lacking worldwide
Summary
The effectiveness of long-term intervention of ω-3 PUFAs as a secondary prevention of atherosclerotic diseases, including coronary artery disease (CAD), has been investigated in clinical trials It seems that whether serum ω-3 PUFAs are associated with protection against these diseases remained controversial nowadays[9,10,11]. Ω-3 PUFA intake is commonly measured by dietary methods, such as semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ)[12,13], and serum concentrations are determined by gas chromatography[14,15,16,17,18]. We conducted this study to estimate baseline serum concentrations of ω-3 PUFAs by LCMS, investigate define association of serum ω-3 PUFA concentrations with CAD and further analyze possible influence factors of serum ω-3 PUFAs in Chinese elderly
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