Abstract
Correlation between serum progesterone concentration, urinary pregnanediol excretion, endometrial biopsies, vaginal cytology, and basal body temperature was performed to determine the most dependable method for assessing the presence of a functioning corpus luteum. Vaginal cytology was not completely reliable as it had relatively poor correlations. A biphasic basal body temperature was always associated with a rise of progesterone to luteinization range, but a monophasic chart did not necessarily indicate anovulation. This fallacy, together with difficulties in recording and interpretation, made basal body temperature not totally accurate for assessing luteal activity. Premenstrual endometrial biopsies gave the best correlation with hormonal assays. It is thus concluded that serum progesterone determination and properly interpreted endometrial histology are the most accurate diagnostic luteinization parameters.
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