Abstract
ObjectivesTraits of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were examined. We investigated the differences of various biomarkers among individuals with or without Mets in a gender-specific manner. The gender-specific associations between E-selectin and MetS were further evaluated.MethodsA total of 205 patients were recruited from the outpatient clinics of Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Inclusion criteria were age between 20–75 years and BMI < 35 kg/m2. Demographic, anthropometric and MetS index data were compared between genders. Markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were compared between individuals with or without MetS by gender.ResultsAge-adjusted E-selectin values showed significant positive correlations with BMI, waist-hip ratio, fasting plasma glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, TNF-α, hsCRP and ICAM-1, and inverse correlation with HDL cholesterol. E-selectin levels were positively correlated with numbers of MetS components in females (P < 0.001) but not in males (P = 0.125).ConclusionsIncreased E-selectin levels are significantly associated with increased MetS risk in females, but not in males.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of conditions, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity and hyperlipidemia, that increase risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke and diabetes [1]
Increased E-selectin levels are significantly associated with increased MetS risk in females, but not in males
Prevalence of MetS in urban Pakistan was 34.8% according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition and 49% according to the modified Adult Treatment Panel III (ADPIII) criteria, which includes modified cut-offs for waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) for Asian populations [3]
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of conditions, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity and hyperlipidemia, that increase risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke and diabetes [1]. Prevalence of MetS in urban Pakistan was 34.8% according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition and 49% according to the modified Adult Treatment Panel III (ADPIII) criteria, which includes modified cut-offs for waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) for Asian populations [3]. In Asian countries, even though the prevalence of obesity is relatively lower compared to western countries, comparative studies have shown that obesity-related metabolic cardiovascular risks at given BMIs may be higher in South and East Asian populations [4]. South Asian populations have higher atherogenic dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, thrombotic tendency, subclinical inflammation and endothelial dysfunction than Caucasians, and may display cardiovascular disorders even at lower levels of adiposity and abdominal obesity [5]
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