Abstract
Satiety and appetite‐stimulating hormones play a role in the regulation of food intake. Breastfed infants may have a different profile of serum appetite‐regulating hormones than formula‐fed infants. We propose to demonstrate that the serum concentration of appetite regulatory hormones differs according to the type of feeding and that there is a correlation between the serum concentrations of these hormones in mothers and in infants at 4 months of age. In a cross‐sectional analysis, 167 mother–newborn dyads at the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara were enrolled: 74 full breastfeeding (FBF), 56 partial breastfeeding (PBF), and 37 receiving human milk substitutes (HMS). Serum levels of ghrelin (pg/ml), leptin (ng/ml), peptide YY (pg/ml), and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) (pM) were measured. We performed one‐way analysis of variance, unpaired Student t test, post hoc Tukey test, and Pearson correlation. The total sample at 16 weeks postpartum included 167 dyads. The mean age was 16 ± 1 weeks. The concentrations of GLP‐1 (pM) and peptide YY (pg/ml) were higher in the FBF group (42.6 and 442.9) than in the HMS group (35.2 and 401.9), respectively, p = 0.046 and p = 0.056. And, the FBF group had higher correlation coefficients of ghrelin (r = 0.411 vs. 0.165), GLP‐1 (r = 0.576 vs. 0.407), and peptide YY (r = 0.218 vs. 0.067), respectively, than the HMS group. The concentrations of GLP‐1 and peptide YY were higher in the FBF group when compared with the HMS group. Mother–infant dyads fed by FBF had more significant direct correlations of appetite‐regulating hormones than those who received HMS.
Highlights
It has been noted that the protective role of breastfeeding against the development of obesity could be partially explained by the composition of human milk and by the presence of appetite-regulating hormones in breastfed infants (Li, Magadia, Fein, & Grummer-Strawn, 2012; Petridou et al, 2005; Savino et al, 2008)
This is a cross-sectional analysis of a sample of 167 mother–infant dyads according to type of feeding: 74 full breastfeeding (FBF), 56 partial breastfeeding (PBF), and 37 human milk substitutes (HMS)
In relation to appetite-regulating hormone biomarkers, similarities and important differences were observed between infants receiving
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO, 2016) recommends offering “exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months, the time when safe and nutritious foods are introduced while breastfeeding continues and can be extended to the second year of life.” The creation of the WHO growth standard of healthy breastfed infants supports the perception that growth and cognitive development are optimal when this standard. The creation of the WHO growth standard of healthy breastfed infants supports the perception that growth and cognitive development are optimal when this standard. It has been noted that the protective role of breastfeeding against the development of obesity could be partially explained by the composition of human milk and by the presence of appetite-regulating hormones in breastfed infants (Li, Magadia, Fein, & Grummer-Strawn, 2012; Petridou et al, 2005; Savino et al, 2008). It is accepted that satiety and appetite-stimulating hormones play a role in the regulation of food intake and body composition by signaling satiety and energy reserves through hypothalamic receptors, during and after the lactation stage (Marić et al, 2014; Münzberg & Morrison, 2015). Breij et al (2017) have hypothesized that formula-fed infants could have a different profile of serum appetite-regulating hormones than breastfed infants. We were interested in exploring the correlation between the appetite regulatory hormones in mothers and their infants at the fourth month of postnatal life
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