Abstract
BackgroundThe role of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D) in atherogenesis is unclear. We investigated whether the 25 (OH) D is independently associated with the carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaques in normotensive and euglycemic postmenopausal women.MethodsA total of 671 normotensive and euglycemic postmenopausal women (mean age, 58.8 years) were enrolled from the Changfeng Study. A standard interview, anthropometrics measurements and laboratory analyses were performed for each participant. Bilateral CIMTs were measured using ultrasonography, and the presence of carotid plaques was assessed. The serum 25 (OH) D was measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.ResultsSerum 25 (OH) D was 43.6 ± 18.2 nmol/L in the postmenopausal women. Compared with subjects with 25 (OH) D in the first, second and third quartiles, subjects with 25 (OH) D in the fourth quartile had decreased CIMT and prevalence of carotid plaque (0.684 ± 0.009 mm vs 0.719 ± 0.009 mm, 0.708 ± 0.009 mm and 0.709 ± 0.009 mm; 10.8% vs 19.0%, 14.8% and 16.8%, respectively). After adjusting for conventional CVD risk factors, PTH, liver and renal function, postmenopausal women with 25 (OH) D in the fourth quartile still had lower CIMT than those in the first, second and third quartiles (p = 0.039) and the subjects in the fourth quartile had a 0.421-fold decreased risk of carotid plaques relative to those in the lowest quartile (95% confidence interval 0.209 to 0.848).ConclusionsThese results suggest serum 25 (OH) D is independently and inversely associated with carotid atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with normal blood pressure and normal glucose tolerance.
Highlights
The role of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D) in atherogenesis is unclear
When the traditional cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors were examined, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), OGTT h blood glucose (PPG) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were significantly associated with the 25(OH)D quartiles
The carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) and the prevalence of carotid plaques significantly decreased with increasing serum 25(OH)D levels after adjusting for conventional CVD risk factors, PTH, liver enzymes and renal function in the subjects
Summary
The role of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D) in atherogenesis is unclear. We investigated whether the 25 (OH) D is independently associated with the carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaques in normotensive and euglycemic postmenopausal women. The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-2008-2009) indicates that the prevalence of CVD is not associated with low serum 25 (OH) D levels in the total population [9]. The study by Melamed et al [10], using the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cohort, while CVD risk was not statistically significant, the all-cause mortality data suggested a U- or reverse J-shaped dose-relationship, with increased total mortality for both the lowest and highest serum 25 (OH) D concentrations (80.1 nmol/l, respectively) in this cohort followed for 9 years. Given the high risk of CVD in this population [12], more evidence is needed to evaluate the association between 25 (OH) D and atherosclerosis in the Chinese postmenopausal women
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