Abstract
ABSTRACT The present study investigated the seroprevalance of Visna Maedi Virus (VMV) and Border Disease Virus (BDV) infections in sheeps in regions in and around Van province, Turkey. Sample materials were taken from 360 sheep sent to slaughterhouses around Van. All serum samples were examined using ELISA for antibodies for Visna Maedi (VMV) and Border Disease (BDV) viruses. Of these, 38 (10.5%) tested positive for Visna Maedi virus antibodies and 163 (45.2%) for Border Disease virus antibodies. Varying numbers of samples were positive for both virus antibodies across the towns of Erciş, Çaldıran, Erçek and Başkale in Van, Ağrı and Hakkari provinces. Both infections should be eliminated by informing veterinarians and animal owners, identifying and eliminating persistently infected animals from flocks, and conducting appropriate eradication measures. Economic support should be provided for this.
Highlights
Visna and Maedi are two disease manifestations in sheep caused by a lentivirus sub-family of the Retrovirus family, related to human, simian, feline, and bovine immunodeficiency viruses, equine infectious anaemia virus and caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) virus (Peterhans et al, 2004)
The present study found similar results to those of other studies for Visna Maedi Virus (VMV) and Border Disease Virus (BDV) rates, which may be due to the presence of persistently infected animals
BDV and VMV, which are common in small ruminant flocks worldwide including Turkey, are important due to the economic losses they cause
Summary
Visna and Maedi are two disease manifestations in sheep caused by a lentivirus sub-family of the Retrovirus family, related to human, simian, feline, and bovine immunodeficiency viruses, equine infectious anaemia virus and caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) virus (Peterhans et al, 2004). Visna-Maedi Virus (VMV) has a very long incubation period and so it may be years. The VMV virion is 70-100nm in diameter. Free virus or virus-infected cells are horizontally transmitted by inhalation of respiratory secretions, primarily because both cell-free virus and cell-associated virus are found in the bronchial alveolar fluid of infected sheep (McNeilly et al, 2008). Infected animals become persistently infected and remain a life-long source of infection for flock mates and their offspring (Herrmann-Hoesing et al, 2007)
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