Abstract
BackgroundBacteria within family S24-7 (phylum Bacteroidetes) are dominant in the mouse gut microbiota and detected in the intestine of other animals. Because they had not been cultured until recently and the family classification is still ambiguous, interaction with their host was difficult to study and confusion still exists regarding sequence data annotation.MethodsWe investigated family S24-7 by combining data from large-scale 16S rRNA gene analysis and from functional and taxonomic studies of metagenomic and cultured species.ResultsA total of 685 species was inferred by full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence clustering. While many species could not be assigned ecological habitats (93,045 samples analyzed), the mouse was the most commonly identified host (average of 20% relative abundance and nine co-occurring species). Shotgun metagenomics allowed reconstruction of 59 molecular species, of which 34 were representative of the 16S rRNA gene-derived species clusters. In addition, cultivation efforts allowed isolating five strains representing three species, including two novel taxa. Genome analysis revealed that S24-7 spp. are functionally distinct from neighboring families and versatile with respect to complex carbohydrate degradation.ConclusionsWe provide novel data on the diversity, ecology, and description of bacterial family S24-7, for which the name Muribaculaceae is proposed.
Highlights
Bacterial diversity on earth is tremendous and only a small fraction has been described so far [19, 63]
Thereby, we provide a detailed overview of S24-7 diversity, novel insights into its ecology and functional potential, a taxonomic description of two novel genera, and propose the name Muribaculaceae to accommodate members of the family
IMNGS-based investigation revealed that many of these taxa (n = 302) remained orphan in terms of ecological habitats (Fig. 1a, b). These species were each represented by a cloned sequence with a known origin of isolation, we refer to them as being orphans because the source of a single sequence does not necessarily reflect the true ecology of a species as assessed here in a large-scale manner
Summary
Bacterial diversity on earth is tremendous and only a small fraction has been described so far [19, 63]. Sequence-based surveys of the mouse gut microbiota have consistently revealed the existence of another dominant family of gut Bacteroidales, so far designated as family S24-7. In 2014, data by Seedorf and colleagues [56] supported the concept that S24-7 members are well adapted for colonization of the mouse intestine by showing that several molecular species were capable of outcompeting colonization of germfree mice by human gut bacteria after a period of 14 days. Bacteria within family S24-7 (phylum Bacteroidetes) are dominant in the mouse gut microbiota and detected in the intestine of other animals. Because they had not been cultured until recently and the family classification is still ambiguous, interaction with their host was difficult to study and confusion still exists regarding sequence data annotation
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