Abstract
The amount of maize yield depends on many factors. Among them, plant health plays a significant role. Herbicide selectivity (of mesotrione, 2,4-D, and bromoxynil) for different maize varieties was assessed in greenhouse experiments. The effectiveness of herbicides (MCPA, 2,4-D + dicamba) and spraying mixture of the herbicide MCPA with mepiquat chloride was tested on Chenopodium album L. and self-seeding winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The genetic distance between selected maize varieties and species composition of pathogens of the genus Fusarium isolated from the seeds of the discussed crop were examined. Research results indicated that individual herbicides differed in the selectivity in relation to maize, which depended on the crop variety. The selected herbicides showed high efficacy against the plants used in the experiment. The addition of mepiquat chloride to the composition of the spraying liquid did not affect the level of weed control. No relationship was found between the genetic distance of maize varieties and their sensitivity to selected herbicides. The presence of Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium proliferatum, and Fusarium verticillioides was found in the samples of maize varieties.
Highlights
The application of herbicides is considered the most cost-effective method of weed control in developed countries [1]
The varieties Kardona, SY Multitop, and Laureen showed the highest sensitivity to the active substance mesotrione in experiments on the phytotoxicity of standard herbicide preparations
The variety is an important factor affecting the reaction of crop plants to the applied herbicides
Summary
The application of herbicides is considered the most cost-effective method of weed control in developed countries [1]. Herbicides may, contribute to phytotoxic effects in a crop [2]. Synthetic auxin herbicides affect the increased regulation of auxins in plants, leading to disruption of the balance of natural plant growth hormones, which impair and differentiate normal growth and cause abnormal uncontrolled cell division and uncontrolled growth and damage to chloroplasts, membranes, and vascular tissues [4]. Synthetic auxin herbicides such as 2,4-D and dicamba are important systemic herbicides in the control of dicotyledonous weeds [5,6]
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