Abstract
This paper reports the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) sensor through early detection of amyloid-beta (Aβ) (1–42) using simple nanorestructuring of Au sheet plate by oxidation-reduction cycle (ORC) via the electrochemical system. The topology of Au substrates was enhanced through the roughening and Au grains grown by a simple ORC technique in aqueous solutions containing 0.1 mol/L KCl electrolytes. The roughened substrate was then functionalized with the highly specific antibody β-amyloid Aβ (1–28) through HS-PEG-NHS modification, which enabled effective and direct detection of Aβ (1–42) peptide. The efficacy of the ORC method had been exhibited in the polished Au surface by approximately 15% larger electro-active sites compared to the polished Au without ORC. The ORC polished structure demonstrated a rapid, accurate, precise, reproducible, and highly sensitive detection of Aβ (1–42) peptide with a low detection limit of 10.4 fg/mL and a wide linear range of 10−2 to 106 pg/mL. The proposed structure had been proven to have potential as an early-stage Alzheimer’s disease (AD) detection platform with low-cost fabrication and ease of operation.
Highlights
Nowadays, the fast-increasing elderly population is an essential medical issue in developed countries, and due to the aging factor, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is rapidly expanding worldwide [1–3]
Outcomes denoted that ORCrestructured Au electrode paves a path toward tunable nano-patterning with excellent topology for high throughput and at a low-cost process, which opens a niche targeting various applications including field-effect transistors (FETs) and optical-based biosensors, LEDs-based platforms, solar-cells, advanced sensors, and microelectronics
Ag/AgCl was applied as a reference electrode (RE), a platinum wire was used as the counter electrode (CE), and Au substrate was the working electrode (WE)
Summary
Research Center for Electronics and Telecommunications, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung 40135, Indonesia. Artificial Intelligent Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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