SEMANTIC SHIFTS OF INDIAN LOANWORDS IN RUSSIAN: THE CORPUS AND ASSOCIATIVE ANALYSIS

In the context of the intense internationalization process of higher education institutions globally, and amid the emergence of the conception of transcultural universities whereas students encounter the complex and multidimensional character of cultural and linguistic diversity, the effectiveness of international students’ cultural adaptation is becoming more salient than ever. In this paper, accordingly, the authors aimed at gaining an insight to foreign students’ cultural and linguistic adaptation process at Russian medical universities. International students from 49 countries were surveyed enabling respondents to elaborate on their intercultural experiences in Russia. Narratives were gathered from foreign students (N = 200) and investigated applying Polkinghorne’s concept of narrative analysis followed by the application of an innovative method, the identification of linguistic lacunas (lexical gaps) between students’ native languages and the Russian language. Linguistic lacunas were identified in 28 cases from the semantic domains of food, national holidays, personality traits, urban and rural areas, restaurants, nature, communication, transportation, local government, habits, events, and artifacts. 97% of respondents were able to evoke a best experience in Russia, that shed light on the following major thematic groups: travel, friends, cuisine, local events, and university. Worst experiences were revealed by 84,5% of students – those originated from the domains of language, cultural differences, weather, infrastructure, unpleasant events, racism, discrimination, and bureaucracy. 50,5% of respondents were parts of an intercultural misunderstanding or conflict, mostly due to the language barrier, discrimination, bad behavior of locals, lack of cultural knowledge, and racism. Results of the study can be effectively utilized primarily in the preparation of and assistance to international students in Russia to alleviate their cultural adaptation process by enhancing their intercultural awareness and transcultur

ORA FROM TEMPORALITY TO TEXTUALITY: A CASE OF GRAMMATICALIZATION

The change in the vocabulary of the Russian and Czech languages is largely due to borrowings. Different interpretations of the semantics of words and vague semantics do not affect the popularity of these words among native speakers. The article describes the search for an accurate translation and semantic systematization of the synonymic series mentor (ментор) — kouč (коуч) — tutor (тьютор) in the Czech and Russian languages. The proximity of the meanings of the the quasi-synonyms leads to difficulties in revealing the specifics of each word. Due to the similarity of the organization of the grammatical systems of the Russian and Czech languages and due to the similar process of the globalization in both languages the comparative approach is used. The research was carried out on the material of the search engines Google.ru, Seznam.cz, as well as the Czech database Neomat. In certain contexts these words are interchangeable with units from the recipient language, but in a relationship of complete synonymy, in our opinion, there is only a pair ментор — наставник in Russian language. We also noted the reasons for the active use of such foreign words: firstly, the absence of a functional-semantic equivalent in the receiving languages, and secondly, the assessment of such vocabulary as socially prestigious, fashionable, to which attention is paid.

Background: Cultural adaptation is the process of adapting an intervention to meet the cultural needs (beliefs, values, practices) within the social and research context of a population. Vietnamese women in the U.S. have lower rates of adherence to Pap test and mammogram guidelines than any other racial or ethnic group, which may contribute to greater risk of cervical and breast cancer mortality. Adapting interventions to the cultural needs of this population may be key to increasing screening uptake. Methods: A Su Salud, a theory- and evidence-based cancer screening promotion program for Mexican Americans women was adapted for use among Vietnamese American women due to similar cultural values between both groups including personal modesty and familismo. The Cultural Adaptation Process (CAP) model, commonly used in psychology, consists of three distinct phases for cultural adaptation: 1) community collaboration and needs assessment, 2) initial program adaptation and testing, and 3) finalizing program iterations. This poster describes the process of culturally adapting A Su Salud to target Vietnamese American women, retrospectively applying the Cultural Adaptation Process (CAP) model. Results: Community collaboration and needs assessment were sought through a partnership with a community-based federally qualified health center which specialized in Asian American care and four focus groups with Vietnamese American women who worked at nail salons. Feedback on intervention components was also given by members of the research team, consisting of lay health workers, students, volunteers and researchers of Mexican and Vietnamese descent. Initial program adaptation to intervention materials such as the navigation guide, brochures, and the interviewer manuals, were guided by cultural adaptation practices used in A Su Salud, as well as through consultation with community partners and a needs assessment survey. The initial testing of resulting materials was then completed by research staff. Materials were amended as needed throughout the research process. The resulting intervention, Sú’c Khóe là Hanh Phúc (Vietnamese for “Health Is Happiness”) is a culturally adapted breast and cervical cancer prevention program that targeted Vietnamese American women who worked in nail salons in the Houston, Texas. Cultural beliefs and barriers identified as salient in the focus group discussions, such as modesty, unfamiliarity with the health care system, and desire for a Vietnamese provider, were incorporated into program materials, educational outreach, and navigation services. Conclusions: The CAP model is an appropriate framework for understanding the process of culturally adapting evidence-based interventions. Though CAP was not initially used in the adaptation process, it provides a framework to transfer valuable lessons learned in adapting cancer screening programs across seemingly different cultural populations. Citation Format: Frances M Nguyen, Maria E Fernandez-Esquer, Yen-Chi Le, Shane Chen, Vanessa R Schick. Framing Sú’c Khóe là Hanh Phúc within the cultural adaptation process model: Adapting a cervical and breast cancer screening intervention for Vietnamese American women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B012.

This article describes the process of cultural adaptation at the start of the implementation of the Parent Management Training intervention-Oregon model (PMTO) in Mexico City. The implementation process was guided by the model, and the cultural adaptation of PMTO was theoretically guided by the cultural adaptation process (CAP) model. During the process of the adaptation, we uncovered the potential for the CAP to be embedded in the implementation process, taking into account broader training and economic challenges and opportunities. We discuss how cultural adaptation and implementation processes are inextricably linked and iterative and how maintaining a collaborative relationship with the treatment developer has guided our work and has helped expand our research efforts, and how building human capital to implement PMTO in Mexico supported the implementation efforts of PMTO in other places in the United States.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of Russian-language television broadcasting in the Republic of Tajikistan in the context of deepening political, economic and cultural ties with the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is due to the desire of the state to maintain the status of the Russian language as a means of interethnic communication and management of the language situation in the country. The purpose of the article is to analyze how Russian-language television broadcasting contributes to the implementation of the objectives of the state language policy in Tajikistan. The main attention is paid to the role of television in the popularization of the Russian language, its influence on the development of bilingualism and the integration of Tajik labor migrants into the Russian linguistic and cultural environment. The state language policy of Tajikistan is aimed at the development of the state language — its active use in government institutions, education and the media. At the same time, support and development of Russian as a language of interethnic communication and other languages represented on the territory of the republic is also ensured. Support for the Russian language and Russian-language broadcasting is seen as a tool for maintaining balance in the linguistic space. This makes it possible to neutralize the growing influence of the Iranian language, which is actively disseminated through Iranian-language television channels, which often broadcast political and ideological guidelines that are prohibited in Iran itself. As part of the study, the following tasks were set: to assess the current state of Russian-language television broadcasting in Tajikistan, analyze its impact on the development of the Russian language in the country, identify the significance of Russian-language content for migration policy and cultural adaptation. Television was chosen as the object of study because of its high popularity among the population, which is confirmed by research data on media preferences. The TV viewing barometer shows the highest levels of television popularity among the media. Therefore, the country occupies a leading place in Central Asia in this indicator. The empirical basis of the study was official documents regulating the features of the language policy of the Republic of Tajikistan, statistical data and measurement results, as well as materials from a survey and questionnaire conducted by the author of the article. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used for the analysis, including content analysis, comparative method and interpretation of sociological data. Research results. The analysis showed that Russian-language television broadcasting in Tajikistan, thanks to two large local television providers, has strengthened its position in large cities. In remote areas it has become difficult to reach. Watching programs in Russian contributes to more successful language acquisition, which, in turn, facilitates the adaptation of labor migrants to life in Russia, including understanding its legislation and culture. Russian-language broadcasting helps strengthen the position of the Russian language and develop linguistic and cultural ties between Tajikistan and Russia.

BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that positive impacts can be generated when digital health interventions are designed to be responsive to the cultural and socioeconomic context of their intended audiences.ObjectiveThis narrative review aims to synthesize the literature about the cultural adaptation of digital health interventions. It examines how concepts of culture and context feature in design and development processes, including the methods, models, and content of these interventions, with the aim of helping researchers to make informed decisions about how to approach cultural adaptation in digital health.MethodsLiterature searches for this narrative review were conducted across 4 databases. Following full-text article screening by 2 authors, 16 studies of interventions predominantly focused on the self-management of health were selected based on their detailed focus on the process of cultural adaptation. Key considerations for cultural adaptation were identified and synthesized through a qualitative narrative approach, enabling an integrative and in-depth understanding of cultural adaptation.ResultsThe literature demonstrates varying approaches and levels of cultural adaptation across stages of intervention development, involving considerations such as the research ethos orienting researchers, the methodologies and models used, and the resultant content adaptations. In relation to the latter, culturally appropriate and accessible user interface design and translation can be seen as particularly important in shaping the level of adaptation.ConclusionsOptimizing cultural adaptation involves linking culture with other contextual factors such as economic conditions and social systems to ensure accessibility and the sustained use of digital health interventions. Culturally humble approaches that use the involvement of a broad range of participants, experts, and other stakeholders are demonstrated to spark vital insights for content development, implementation, and evaluation.

Cultural adaptation of interventions is complex and yet vital to achieving the intended benefits of interventions with new populations. However, little is known regarding deliverers' perceptions of cultural adaptation and when a cultural adaptation process can be considered complete. The purpose of this study was to explore aspects of cultural adaptation that need further attention in an intervention that had undergone an initial cultural adaptation. Four focus groups (FGs) were conducted with preschool teachers who had worked with a culturally adapted version of preschool Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS©) in Sweden for approximately 6 months. In total, 16 teachers from eight preschools were included, with 3-5 teachers in each group. All FGs were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis with an inductive approach was applied to the transcribed data. Three themes were identified where teachers described the need for further cultural adaptation for the intervention to align with personal and societal fundamental cultural values and be useful for their work as teachers in the Swedish preschool setting. The themes pertained to culturally adapting a manual-based intervention to a foundational, value-based approach, such as the practical application of core values and the steering documents of the Swedish preschool. Furthermore, the practical function of the culturally adapted intervention in the new cultural context revealed a further need to adjust materials and activities in interaction with the children. Finally, the prerequisites within the Swedish cultural setting, including resources and collaboration with parents as part of the work structure for preschool teachers in Sweden, needed further attention in relation to the intervention. The findings of this study highlight the importance of the deliverer in the cultural adaptation process in addition to adaptations that focus on end users (children in the case of preschool PATHS). Furthermore, the study indicates a need for a more open-ended view of the cultural adaptation process for interventions than perhaps previously described in models of cultural adaptation of interventions.

Purpose and objectives of the study. The article is devoted to the history of the spread of Russian speech in the nearby spaces of the Russian cultural and linguistic area, in particular in the South Caucasus, as well as its educational and communicative role in the creation of a universal information system and lexical base, in enriching the speech culture of peoples who speak non-Slavic languages. Research methods. As a research method, a monographic approach was chosen based on the analysis of historical materials on the settlement of Russian speakers in the South Caucasus. Factual materials are systematized and classified by social spheres; the main factors that influenced the nature and content of the language policy and practice of using the Russian language in the region are identified. Research results. Russian speech is considered as a means of unifying the verbal potential of different peoples of the South Caucasus, even in some way as a specific, local "lingua franca" in interethnic communication within the linguistic pluralism of the population of the South Caucasus. The extraordinary educational mission of Russian speech and its place in the transformation of European scientific, cultural and general educational values to the peoples of the South Caucasus in the 19th–20th centuries are the main motives of the article. The fact of modification of the language resources of the Russian language in the conditions of multilingualism of the peoples of the South Caucasus is noted. Morphological, syntactic and semantic changes in the vocabulary of the Russian language in the region under the influence of everyday language practice are revealed. The features of the mutual influence of Russian and local languages, the main factors and consequences of this influence are revealed. Another key point is the modern role and significance of Russian speech in the everyday, socio-economic and scientific-cultural life of the national states of the South Caucasus, in particular the Republic of Azerbaijan. Thus, the Russian language has acquired a certain political and cultural significance for the people of Azerbaijan, and the cultural and historical foundations that have been formed over a fairly long period of time provide an opportunity for the further, consistent development of former linguistic ties. An opportunity was obtained to establish ties with the Russian linguistic area, to develop spiritual relations. On the territory of Azerbaijan there were significant settlements of Russian settlers, with whom local residents established broad economic and cultural ties. Their dialects were very diverse. They influenced the vocabulary of the Russian language. The historical events that have taken place have determined the importance of Russian culture as a factor in interethnic interaction in the South Caucasus. It was the Russian language that became a means of interethnic communication, within the framework of which the development of education took place, and in general enlightenment. Thus, the Muslim population of the South Caucasus was involved in Russian political and cultural processes. There was a kind of linguo-ethno-cultural dialogue in a multi-ethnic environment. Thus, in the period under study, through the Russian language, the process of introducing the Muslim population of the South Caucasus to the global cultural processes took place

This study aims to examine the culture shock of teachers who have just started teaching in rural areas and their solutions for their adaptation to the new cultural environment. Case study, one of the qualitative methods, was used as part of this research. The participants are 17 classroom teachers who recently started teaching in the villages in the Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia Regions of Türkiye in the 2021-2022 academic year. Criterion sampling was used in the selection of the participants. A semi-structured interview form prepared by the researcher was used as the data collection tool. The stages of thematic analysis were used in the research. The themes obtained as a result of the analysis of the data collected during the interviews with newly appointed teachers were grouped under four headings: Initial Culture Shock, Factors that Facilitate Cultural Adaptation, Factors that Make Cultural Adaptation Difficult, and Support to Novice/Prospective Teachers. According to the data collected from the teachers participating in the study, it is the language differences that cause culture shock the most. While the climate of the region they live in, lifestyles, differences in the communication channels used, and economic problems make cultural adaptation difficult, colleague support, acceptance, learning cultural elements, family support and certain personal characteristics facilitate the cultural adaptation process. In addition, teachers think that supporting new pre-professional teachers by communicating with experienced teachers, giving courses on cultural diversity in undergraduate education and holding orientation meetings will accelerate cultural adaptation.

We analyze the semantics and usage of French borrowing of military partisan themes from the moment it entered Russian at the turn of the XVII–XVIII centuries to the present time. We give an etymological and historical analysis of the word, and consider the evolution of its semantics in Russian language due to the functional diversity of its use both in the donor language and in the recipient language. The study of lexeme history in cultural and historical terms helps to trace the development of the form and meaning of the word partisans and its derivatives, the peculiarities of its functioning as a representative of battle vocabulary sphere in Russian language. We conclude that the sememe is completely borrowed from the French language into the Russian lite-rary language in terms of its form (phonetics, grammar, peculiarities of word usage) and meaning. We indicate and analyze in detail the sources of word study in the synchronous-diachronic aspect, lexicographic, documentary-historical, and artistic-textual sources both on the material of the modern Russian literary language and in the previous periods of its development, and we identify the transformation of its semantic structure. We pay attention to the disclosure of the extensional value of the word in the text of Leo Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace”, which is the most valu-able source for studying the lexical and semantic system of Russian language of the pre-Pushkin era. A number of examples from different spheres of the modern usus of Russian language show changes in the functional and stylistic coloration of the word and the acquisition of enantiosemici-ty features and other additional shades by the word. We conclude that the word partisan is adapted as an element of the battle term system of Russian language and that its use in modern conditions of conducting combat operations is inevitably fading away, turning it into historicism.

PurposeThis paper aims to add a cultural‐relational dimension to the supply chain risk management (SCRM) literature.Design/methodology/approachInter‐firm learning and cultural adaptation literatures are reviewed, missing themes identified and a conceptual model proposed.FindingsThe authors define the problem of supply chain relational risk (SCRR) and explain the cultural differences between China and the West, which form a subset of SCRR. They then propose cultural adaptation as the solution to this problem. Two missing themes are identified concerning the process of cultural adaptation between China and the West and the causal relationship between cultural adaptation and partnership performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a conceptual paper based on secondary data.Practical implicationsCultural differences between China and the West impact the relational risks facing Western buyers and their Chinese suppliers. To create a mutually beneficial partnership, it is necessary for both parties to understand the cultural differences and the process of cultural adaptation. Ultimately, the paper will help firms mitigate the relational risks associated with cultural differences.Originality/valueThe paper extends prior work in the area of SCRM by adding a relational‐cultural dimension. With a view to mitigation of SCRRs, the authors develop a conceptual process model, which describes a relationship‐building process incorporating cultural adaptation for the creation of a mutually beneficial partnership, which features a hybrid cultural interface.

<b><i>Problem Domain</i>: </b>Cultural adaptation of psychotherapy is a critical area within evidence-based practice that addresses the complex interplay between culture and mental health. Understanding the significance of cultural factors in psychotherapeutic interventions is essential for ensuring their effectiveness and relevance across diverse populations. One prominent issue is the lack of cultural competence among psychotherapists, which may impede their ability to effectively engage with and address the diverse cultural backgrounds of their clients. Additionally, there is a gap in understanding the nuanced ways in which culture influences mental health beliefs, behaviors, and help-seeking preferences. Failure to consider these cultural factors in psychotherapeutic interventions can lead to disparities in access to and outcomes of mental healthcare services. Moreover, the existing evidence base for culturally adapted psychotherapies may be limited, highlighting the need for further research to validate and refine these interventions across diverse populations. <b><i>Goal of this Chapter</i>: </b>The fourth chapter delves into the cultural adaptation of psychotherapy, aiming to elucidate the importance of cultural considerations in evidence-based psychotherapies. Through a comprehensive exploration of cultural frameworks and the process of cultural adaptation, this chapter seeks to equip readers with the necessary understanding and skills to navigate cultural diversity in psychotherapeutic practice. <b><i>Selling Points and Contributions of this Chapter</i>:</b> By highlighting the centrality of cultural adaptation in evidence-based psychotherapies, this chapter serves as a guiding compass for practitioners and researchers, emphasizing the indispensable role of cultural sensitivity and responsiveness in delivering effective mental healthcare. In particular, the following are some notable contributions this chapter has made: i) This chapter provides a nuanced examination of the concept of culture, unpacking its multifaceted layers and exploring its relevance in the context of evidence-based psychotherapies. ii) By delving into the process of cultural adaptation, this chapter underscores its pivotal role in ensuring the applicability and efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions across diverse cultural contexts.iii) The chapter navigates through the necessary prerequisites for cultural adaptations within evidence-based psychotherapies, highlighting the critical considerations and steps involved in this process. iv) Through a thoughtful discussion, this chapter examines the challenges encountered during the implementation of culturally adapted evidence-based psychotherapies, offering insights into potential barriers and strategies for overcoming them. v) Finally, the chapter explores the elements that may ultimately determine the success of culturally adapted evidence-based psychotherapies, shedding light on key factors contributing to their effectiveness and sustainability. <b><i>Short Results</i>:</b> In summary, this chapter serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding the process of cultural adaptations in evidence-based psychotherapies. By emphasizing the evident necessity for such adaptations and providing insights into their implementation and evaluation, this chapter empowers readers to navigate the complexities of cultural diversity in psychotherapeutic practice effectively.

BackgroundThe adult Hispanic population of the United States faces an increased risk of dementia compared to non-Hispanic White adults. Physical activity (PA) can help reduce dementia risk, but culturally adapted interventions for Hispanic populations are lacking. Culturally adapted interventions are needed to increase uptake and adherence to brain health promotion strategies in the Hispanic community.ObjectiveThe De Pie y a Movernos intervention aims to reduce barriers to participation in clinical research by culturally adapting a remotely based PA intervention for middle-aged and older Hispanic adults and establish its feasibility and acceptability through a pre-post pilot study. Findings from the cultural adaptation process will inform a stage II PA randomized controlled trial.MethodsThe adaptation process followed Barrera and Castro’s 2006 cultural adaptation framework and included a literature review, translation of intervention materials, review by a Hispanic-comprised community advisory board and bilingual staff, and a pre-post pilot study (N=10) with subsequent focus groups to refine the intervention. The pilot intervention included the use of Fitbit activity trackers and 2 individualized goal-setting calls with a health coach over a period of 3 weeks. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed using both quantitative methods and qualitative focus groups. Primary quantitative outcomes included enrollment, recruitment, and completion rates, as well as acceptability (predetermined satisfaction survey scores ≥3). Focus groups were thematically coded to identify themes for participants’ opinions about several aspects of the intervention and explore key barriers and facilitators to PA engagement to improve the planned stage II trial.ResultsTen Hispanic adults (age: mean 62.7, SD 5.3 years; education: mean 11.8, SD 3.8 years; n=9, 90% female; n=9, 90% Spanish-speaking) participated in the pre-post pilot, with a 100% completion rate, 50% enrollment rate, and a recruitment rate of 5 participants per month. Acceptability was high (mean score 4.6, SD 0.3; range 1‐5). Qualitative analyses indicated that participants had high satisfaction with the intervention. They expressed a preference for adding group-based activities and increased interaction with study staff. Key barriers to PA included lack of awareness about the benefits of PA, low self-efficacy, time constraints, health conditions, and weather, while facilitators included awareness of PA’s cognitive benefits, social support from family or friends, accountability, enjoyable activities, self-efficacy, and Fitbit use. Insights from participants and community advisory board recommendations led to modifications for the larger trial, such as incorporating group-based elements for those who want them and adding an option for teleconference coaching calls.ConclusionsThe cultural adaptation process was essential in refining the intervention to align with the preferences of older Hispanic adults, which resulted in a feasible and acceptable intervention. Findings will inform a planned stage II randomized controlled trial aimed at promoting PA and reducing dementia risk in older Hispanic adults.

Introduction. This research is devoted to the systematic description of a concept «social media» in the Russian and English linguistic consciousness. The article consists of two parts. The first part is dedicated to the research of the concept in a serial psycholinguistic experiment. The second part includes the analysis of the concept’s presence in text corpora and also the field and the classificational cognitive models of the concept. The first part describes nominative fields of the concept «social media» and its subconcepts and provides a cognitive interpretation and a comparative analysis of the data in Russian and English languages. Methods of the research. The structure of the concept «social media» is set by the method of subjective definition of the word. The structure of subconcepts (social network, Facebook, Instagram, etc.) is set by the method of free associations. The procedure of cognitive interpretation sets cognitive classifiers of the concept. The significance of the quantitative analysis was diagnosed by the Fisher angular transformation method (criterion φ). Results. The non-specific trait of the concept «social media» in Russian and English discourses is the identical classificational cognitive structure. Dissimilarities in the structure are noticeable only in the peripheral zones. The diffusion of the reactions (in various experiments) in the core and peripheral zones shows that the concept «social media» is socially and culturally specific. Conclusion. The results can be useful in the development of psycholinguistics 2.0, sociolinguistics, computational linguistics (OCR, ASR, data mining, automatic translation, etc.), lexicography, etc.