Abstract
BackgroundDespite the known benefits of non-sedentary behavior, physical activity, and protein and caloric intake to health and muscle mass, strength, and function, many older adults do not meet physical activity and dietary recommendations. A better understanding of the factors associated with sedentary behavior, physical activity and dietary self-management behaviors, and muscle outcomes (muscle mass, strength, and function) is needed, particularly among continuing care retirement community residents. The objective of this study was to examine the factors associated with sedentary behavior, physical activity and dietary self-management behaviors, and muscle outcomes among continuing care retirement community residents. It also aimed to determine whether sedentary behavior and physical activity and dietary self-management behaviors mediate the relationships between self-efficacy, goal congruence, aging expectations, social support, and muscle outcomes.MethodsA sample of 105 continuing care retirement community residents (age > 70 years) participated in this correlational, cross-sectional study. Questionnaires on pain, self-efficacy, goal congruence, aging expectation, social support, and daily protein and caloric intake were administered. Physical activity and sedentary behavior (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT), muscle mass (ImpediMed SFB7), muscle strength (Jamar Smart Digital Hand Dynamometer), and muscle function (Short Physical Performance Battery) were measured. Multiple regression, logistic regression, and mediation analyses were performed.ResultsLow goal congruence predicted engagement in sedentary behavior and light physical activity. Higher levels of self-efficacy and social support were associated with increased likelihoods of achieving greater moderate physical activity and meeting daily recommendations for caloric intake, respectively. Self-efficacy and goal congruence predicted muscle function and strength. Moreover, sedentary behavior and achieving greater moderate physical activity were found to partially but significantly mediate the relationship between self-efficacy and muscle function.ConclusionFuture research should evaluate whether attempts to reduce sedentary behavior and promote physical activity and dietary self-management behaviors and muscle outcomes are more successful when modifications to the self-management process factors are also targeted.
Highlights
Despite the known benefits of non-sedentary behavior, physical activity, and protein and caloric intake to health and muscle mass, strength, and function, many older adults do not meet physical activity and dietary recommendations
Factors associated with physical activity and dietary self-management behaviors (SMBs) In the models for physical activity and sedentary behavior, the results showed that higher goal congruence scores were significantly associated with increased sedentary behavior (β = 0.281) and reduced Light physical activity (LPA) (β = − 0.29) (Table 2)
In the logistic regression for Moderate physical activity (MPA), higher self-efficacy was significantly associated with increase odds of achieving at least 3 min of MPA (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.003; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.001–1.005) (Table 3)
Summary
Despite the known benefits of non-sedentary behavior, physical activity, and protein and caloric intake to health and muscle mass, strength, and function, many older adults do not meet physical activity and dietary recommendations. A better understanding of the factors associated with sedentary behavior, physical activity and dietary self-management behaviors, and muscle outcomes (muscle mass, strength, and function) is needed, among continuing care retirement community residents. Older adults consume far less protein and calories than the daily recommended amounts for health [3, 6, 7] This is due, in part, to the physical activity and dietary SMBs and their antecedent factors being overlooked in older adults, older adults living in continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs) [8]. Better understanding of the factors associated with sedentary behavior, physical activity and dietary SMBs, and muscle outcomes among
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