Abstract
This study introduces a novel self-powered, microfluidic sweat sensing system. The device features a flexible thermoelectric system that enables efficient on-demand sweat extraction and data transmission. Both the thermoelectric generator (TEG) and the microfluidic system are thoroughly evaluated through numerical simulations and experimental testing. The device integrates electrochemical sensors for glucose, pH, and ion detection, along with solid-liquid triboelectric nanosensors to measure sweat rate. It demonstrates high selectivity for target analytes. Sweat, extracted via iontophoresis with carbagel, interacts with electrodes coated with ion-selective membranes (ISM) and glucose oxidase, producing an open-circuit potential. This selective detection of analytes results in distinct output differences. Additionally, the device delivers stable results within 20 minutes, reducing analysis time while maintaining a strong correlation with blood biomarker concentrations. This partially flexible, noninvasive system has potential applications in monitoring electrolyte loss and glucose imbalances through sweat.
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