Abstract
This study focused on treatment of sulfate-rich produced water (PW) using microbial fuel cell (MFC) with biotic anode (bAC) and abiotic cathode (aCC) separated by a cation exchange membrane (CEM). MFC was operated under varied circuitry modes - open circuit (OC-without resistance) and closed circuit (CC-applied resistance (1kΩ)) to evaluate and assess the removal of sulfates and salts with simultaneous carbon utilization. The OC and CC operations depicted sulfates removal efficiency of 38% and 56%, salinity removal of 12% and 21% and COD removal of 47% and 58%, respectively. Both OC and CC showed K+ decrement in bAC and increment in aCC with a comparatively higher efficiency of ionic mobility in CC operation. Maximum open circuit voltage (OCV) of 498 mV (OC) was observed with redox catalytic peak currents from cyclic voltammetry [Anode/cathode, 3.5/−4.9 mA (OC); 6.9/−7.9 mA (CC)]. Dominance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria with specific enrichment of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and halophiles was observed in bAC at the end of operation.
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