Abstract
Selenium (Se) is essential for human health, however, Se is deficient in soil in many places all around the world, resulting in human diseases, such as notorious Keshan disease and Keshin–Beck disease. Therefore, Se biofortification is a popular approach to improve Se uptake and maintain human health. Beneficial microorganisms, including mycorrhizal and root endophytic fungi, dark septate fungi, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), show multiple functions, especially increased plant nutrition uptake, growth and yield, and resistance to abiotic stresses. Such functions can be used for Se biofortification and increased growth and yield under drought and salt stress. The present review summarizes the use of mycorrhizal fungi and PGPRs in Se biofortification, aiming to improving their practical use.
Highlights
At present, it is widely accepted that selenium (Se) possesses multiple physiological functions in various biological systems as an integral part of a range of proteins containing Se
Some notorious diseases are directly related to Se deficiency, such as Keshan disease and Keshin–Beck disease, two endemic diseases related to Se deficiency
We focus on the roles of beneficial microorganisms in Se biofortification and our aim is to improve use of beneficial microorganisms in practice
Summary
It is widely accepted that selenium (Se) possesses multiple physiological functions in various biological systems as an integral part of a range of proteins containing Se. An investigation analyzed some physiological parameters, including blood Se level, glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) activity, and variance at codon 198 in GPx-1 gene, and found that the main risk factors for the disease were low GPx-1 activity, Keshan disease family history, and living in an endemic area [7], suggesting that Keshan disease is closely related to low GPx-1 activity. Human health and diseases are related to selenoproteins, and selenocysteine is regarded as the 21st proteinogenic amino acid. Among the selenoproteins in human, glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) seem to be more important, because they include eight proteins (GPx1–GPx8) having antioxidant properties with multidimensional roles in living cells, ranging from H2 O2 homeostasis to regulation of apoptosis [28]. How to increase concentrations of organic seleno-compounds in these plants is of significance for improvement of dietary Se acquisition by human being. We focus on the roles of beneficial microorganisms in Se biofortification and our aim is to improve use of beneficial microorganisms in practice
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