Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral required for growth, development, immune function, and metabolism. Selenium exerts its biological effects as an integral component of selenoproteins (SePs). Deficiency or low Se status leads to marked changes in many biochemical pathways and a range of pathologies and disorders which are associated with SeP function. Animals, and presumably humans, are able to efficiently utilize nutritionally adequate levels of Se in both organic and inorganic forms. It is now clear that the bioavailability of Se varies depending on the source and chemical form of the Se supplement. There are a range of products available for dietary Se supplementation, however, organic sources have been shown to be assimilated more efficiently than inorganic compounds and are considered to be less toxic and more appropriate as a feed supplement. Yeast enriched with Selenohomoalanthionine (SeHLan) has recently become commercially available, and initial research suggests that it may be an efficacious source for the production of Se enriched animal products.
Highlights
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for animals and humans
Selenium presents a nutritional conundrum because it is an essential trace element with a narrow range between dietary adequacy and toxicity
Selenium exerts its biological effects as an integral component of selenoproteins (SePs) that contain selenocysteine at their active site [2]
Summary
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for animals and humans It was discovered in 1818 and named Selene after the Greek goddess of the moon. Selenium presents a nutritional conundrum because it is an essential trace element with a narrow range between dietary adequacy and toxicity. It is this characteristic of Se that allows it to be considered as either a friend, or, a foe. There have been significant advances in our knowledge of Se metabolism and the important role that Se plays in animal productivity and health [3,6,9] During this period, Se has become an important addition to dietary supplements for animals [14]. The following pages provide an overview of the nutritional biochemistry of Se, and an update on recent developments in Se bioavailability and the possible impact on Se enrichment of animal products
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