Abstract
Selenium is an element that must be considered in the nutrition of certain crops since its use allows the obtaining of biofortified crops with a positive impact on human health. The objective of this review is to present the information on the use of Se and S in the cultivation of plants of the genus Allium. The main proposal is to use Allium as specialist plants for biofortification with Se and S, considering the natural ability to accumulate both elements in different phytochemicals, which promotes the functional value of Allium. In spite of this, in the agricultural production of these species, the addition of sulfur is not realized to obtain functional foods and plants more resistant; it is only sought to cover the necessary requirements for growth. On the other hand, selenium does not appear in the agronomic management plans of most of the producers. Including S and Se fertilization as part of agronomic management can substantially improve Allium crop production. Allium species may be suitable to carry out biofortification with Se; this practice can be combined with the intensive use of S to obtain crops with higher production and sensory, nutritional, and functional quality.
Highlights
It is known that cultivated terrestrial plants require at least 17 elements for their metabolism, growth, and reproduction [1]
SeO4 2− and SO4 2− can be immediately metabolized into the cytoplasm, enter the vacuole using the Sultr4;1 and Sultr4;2 transporters present in the tonoplast membrane to be stored, or mobilized into the plastids where they are metabolized, or they can be mobilized to the leaf tissues by the low-affinity sulfate transporters (LATS) Sultr2;1 and Sultr2;2 by loading and unloading the leaf xylem
high-affinity sulfate transporters (HAST) are accompanied at the epidermis, cortex, and parenchyma by low-affinity sulfate transporters (LAST) which function cooperatively with HAST, with the difference that LAST has a lower response to selenate
Summary
It is known that cultivated terrestrial plants require at least 17 elements for their metabolism, growth, and reproduction [1]. Not all species of crop plants have the same ability to absorb, metabolize, and accumulate these three additional elements. Among the groups of plants that may potentially be good alternatives for selenium biofortification are those that by nature accumulate many sulfur compounds in their tissues, such as Brasicaceae and those of the genus Allium. Allium plants do not show such a great volatilization activity in the presence of high concentration of S and Se, allowing to obtain crops enriched in both sulfur and selenium that can be an excellent dietary source of these elements [16]. Sin the cultivation of plants of the genus Allium, mentioning the processes of absorption, transport and assimilation, reviewing the forms and types of application of both elements, highlighting the impact on quality and productivity, as well as the concentration of phytochemicals that determine the nutraceutical value of the crops. The idea is, given the characteristics already mentioned, to propose to Allium as a suitable model for biofortification with Se and S for human consumption purposes
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