Abstract
The effects of conditioned fear on the release of noradrenaline in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the involvement of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor type 1 (CRFR1) in conditioned fear-induced changes in noradrenaline release were examined by intracerebral microdialysis in rats. Conditioned fear was produced by placing animals into a box where they had previously been exposed to a 5-min period of electric footshock, 135 min prior to the start of experiment. Conditioned fear for 20 min produced a significant increase in the release of noradrenaline in the PVN. Intraperitoneal preadministration of a selective nonpeptidic CRFR1 antagonist, CRA1000, completely blocked the conditioned fear-induced release of noradrenaline. These results suggest that CRFR1 is involved in the release of noradrenaline in the hypothalamic PVN induced by conditioned fear.
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