Abstract
Simultaneous selection for various agronomic traits, cooking time and mineral concentration are major challenges for common-bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding programs. The authors of this study proposed to analyze genetic gain estimates obtained by direct and indirect selection using selection indices and economic weights for 13 traits, and to determine the most efficient selection strategy for the simultaneous selection of fast cooking, mineral-biofortified common bean cultivars with high agronomic performance. For this purpose, three experiments were carried out in different growing seasons to evaluate 49 common bean cultivars of different grain types. Agronomic performance was evaluated based on six traits; cooking time was determined using a Mattson cooker; and the concentration of six minerals was analyzed in samples of raw grains. Significant genotype × environment interaction or genotype effects were observed for all traits, indicating the existence of genetic variability. Direct selection resulted in high genetic gain estimates for individual traits, but caused undesirable changes in one or more of the traits under selection. The classic, base, desired-gains and rank-sum selection indices tested with six economic weights do not provide genetic gain estimates favorable to the selection of all traits. The multiplicative index is the best selection strategy for use in the breeding program when aiming at the simultaneous selection of fast cooking, mineral-biofortified common bean cultivars with high agronomic performance.
Highlights
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is grown in several countries and used to feed thousands of people thanks to the ability of this crop to adapt to different growing conditions, a result of the wide genetic diversity observed in its cultivars (Rana et al, 2015)
The authors of this study proposed to analyze genetic gain estimates obtained by direct and indirect selection using selection indices and economic weights for 13 traits, and to determine the most efficient selection strategy for the simultaneous selection of fast cooking, mineral-biofortified common bean cultivars with high agronomic performance
The present study was undertaken to analyze genetic gain estimates obtained by direct and indirect selection using different selection indices and economic weights for 13 traits, as well as to define the most efficient selection strategy for the simultaneous selection of fast cooking, mineral-biofortified common bean cultivars with high agronomic performance
Summary
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is grown in several countries and used to feed thousands of people thanks to the ability of this crop to adapt to different growing conditions, a result of the wide genetic diversity observed in its cultivars (Rana et al, 2015). The development of common bean cultivars with upright plant architecture and high grain yield potential meets the demand of common bean producers If these cultivars have fast cooking and high mineral concentrations, it may represent a significant contribution to the health of consumers, since fast cooking common bean cultivars retained more potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and copper (Wiesinger et al, 2016). Simultaneous selection for various agronomic traits, cooking time and mineral concentration is a major challenge for common-bean breeding programs. This is because direct selection allowed for a high genetic gain for traits analyzed individually, but caused undesirable changes in other important traits for selection (Jost et al, 2012; Maziero et al, 2015). In turn, allowed for the identification of superior common bean cultivars for several traits (Arns et al, 2018; Bertoldo et al, 2010; Dias et al, 2020; Gomes et al, 2018; Jost et al, 2012; Maziero et al, 2015; Ribeiro et al, 2019a; Silva et al, 2018; Zanotti et al, 2020), thereby enhancing the efficiency of breeding programs
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