Abstract
Ninety elements occur naturally on earth. Out of these, nine are radioactive and among the remaining eighty one that could support life, sixty one are metals. Our bodies have approximately 3% metal. Researchers have been established that some of metal complexes were biologically active. A significantly rising interest in the design of metal complexes as drugs and diagnostic agents is currently observed in the area of scientific inquiry, specifically termed medicinal inorganic chemistry. Investigations in this area focus mostly on the speciation of metal species in biological media based on possible interactions of these metal ions with diverse biomolecules. In an effort to contribute to future development of new therapeutics or diagnostic agents metallo pharmaceuticals used as anticancer agents, anti-HIV, metal-mediated antibiotics, antibacterials, antivirals, antiparasitics, antiarthritics, antidiabetics and radio-sensitizing agents appear in therapeutic medicinal inorganic chemistry. The medicinal uses and applications of metals and metal complexes are of increasing clinical and commercial importance.
Highlights
Metal ions play important roles in biological processes and the field of knowledge concerned with the application of inorganic chemistry to therapy or diagnosis of disease is medicinal inorganic chemistry [1]
Hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein that binds to oxygen by which it carries this vital molecule to body tissues
We present an overview of the field today and explore a selected pharmacological V(IV), V(II), Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(II) and Co(II) complexes
Summary
Metal ions play important roles in biological processes and the field of knowledge concerned with the application of inorganic chemistry to therapy or diagnosis of disease is medicinal inorganic chemistry [1]. The attention is focused primarily on the research concerning with a few pharmacological activities of the cheaper and available first-row transition metal coordination compounds V(IV), V(II), Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(II) and Co(II) complexes. These metal ions are the essential elements present in the biological intracellular environment of living organisms. Schiff bases are classified into bidentate, tridentate, tridentate, tetradentate, hexadentate (figure 3) which are capable of to form very stable complexes with transition metal ions If they contain additional functional groups like –OH, –NH2 or –SH, the resulting Schiff bases can serve as mixed-donor ligands which can participate in bi-, tri-, tetra- and higher coordination modes. The mechanism involved in the formation of metal complexes through monodentate and bidentate ligands is represented in a schematic diagram (Figure 4)
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