Abstract
AbstractPotential effectiveness of harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems depends upon seed shatter of the target weed species at crop maturity, enabling its collection and processing at crop harvest. However, seed retention likely is influenced by agroecological and environmental factors. In 2016 and 2017, we assessed seed-shatter phenology in 13 economically important broadleaf weed species in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] from crop physiological maturity to 4 wk after physiological maturity at multiple sites spread across 14 states in the southern, northern, and mid-Atlantic United States. Greater proportions of seeds were retained by weeds in southern latitudes and shatter rate increased at northern latitudes. Amaranthus spp. seed shatter was low (0% to 2%), whereas shatter varied widely in common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) (2% to 90%) over the weeks following soybean physiological maturity. Overall, the broadleaf species studied shattered less than 10% of their seeds by soybean harvest. Our results suggest that some of the broadleaf species with greater seed retention rates in the weeks following soybean physiological maturity may be good candidates for HWSC.
Highlights
Farmers have relied on chemical weed control in row-crop production for decades, but the ongoing success of chemical tactics has been hindered by the evolution of resistance to a broad range of herbicide chemistries in many weed species (Heap 2019)
Cumulative seed shatter was calculated for graphical analysis of each species as the percentage of seed shattered at soybean physiological maturity, and 2, 3, and 4 wk after physiological maturity by pooling across individual sampled plants at each time point within each state in 2016 and 2017
This result could be a function of temperature, weed species, and/or a cultural management strategy, such as planting date
Summary
Farmers have relied on chemical weed control in row-crop production for decades, but the ongoing success of chemical tactics has been hindered by the evolution of resistance to a broad range of herbicide chemistries in many weed species (Heap 2019). We conducted studies to determine the proportion of weed seeds shattered versus retained relative to the date of soybean physiological maturity of 13 economically important broadleaf weeds across the United States.
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