Abstract
Ampelography, the botanical discipline dedicated to the identification and classification of grapevine cultivars, was grounded on the description of morphological characters and more recently is based on the application of DNA polymorphisms. New methods of image analysis may help to optimize morphological approaches in ampelography. The objective of this study was the classification of representative cultivars of Vitis vinifera conserved in the Spanish collection of IMIDRA according to seed shape. Thirty eight cultivars representing the diversity of this collection were analyzed. A consensus seed silhouette was defined for each cultivar representing the geometric figure that better adjusted to their seed shape. All the cultivars tested were classified in ten morphological groups, each corresponding to a new model. The models are geometric figures defined by equations and similarity to each model is evaluated by quantification of percent of the area shared by the two figures, the seed and the model (J index). The comparison of seed images with geometric models is a rapid and convenient method to classify cultivars. A large proportion of the collection may be classified according to the new models described and the method permits to find new models according to seed shape in other cultivars.
Highlights
The genus Vitis L. (Vitaceae) contains more than 79 accepted species [1], with Vitis vinifera L. being extensively used in viticulture worldwide
The objective of this study was the classification of representative cultivars of Vitis vinifera conserved in the Spanish collection of IMIDRA according to seed shape
In this work we have investigated seed shape in 38 cultivars of Vitis vinifera conserved in the germplasm collection of El Encín
Summary
The genus Vitis L. (Vitaceae) contains more than 79 accepted species [1], with Vitis vinifera L. being extensively used in viticulture worldwide. The description, classification and phylogenetic relationships of grape cultivars were traditionally based on different methods. Ampelography, the botanical discipline dedicated to the identification and classification of the varieties of grapevines, was traditionally based on the description and comparison of the shape and color of the vine leaves, grape clusters and berries [9]. From the last decades of the 20th century, molecular techniques based on the detection of both chloroplast and nuclear polymorphisms (DNA fingerprinting) by Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) have been widely used for the identification of cultivars as well as in the description of samples collected in the field [10,11,12,13,14,15]. Like in other disciplines of biology, molecular approaches have become the main trend in recent decades, while morphology was relegated to a second term, but due to increased possibilities of obtention, storage and analysis of high-resolution images, morphometric approaches have witnessed interesting developments [16]
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