Abstract
In modern politics, security is a phenomenon, which may be seen as a complex institution beyond any ordinary concept. It is not a specific term only concerning a particular area: While security is a concept, which is composed of the discrepancy between danger and precaution, securitization is an engraved phenomenon penetrating to throughout the modern life, which fear is the fundamental determinant. Without understanding the historical roots of security, it is not possible to grasp the modern security institutions. Additionally, it is clear that fear that may be acknowledged an essential element of security does not belong only modern times because of the nature of humanity. Therefore, the question of the motivations of security within the frame of fear should be answered. In this context, it is obvious that there is an immense dilemma between security and freedom in modern politics. In fact, the concept of freedom should be discussed as part of securitization policies in the modern paradigm. Because the freedom of people means the measure of limitations of individual life from now on. Additionally, the concepts of anatomo-politics and biopolitics in Michel Foucault literature may make it possible to discuss securitization in modern politics. By this means, this article pursues also the question: May securitization be equivalent of Foucault’s biopolitics? While discussing security and securitization theoretically, it is aimed to answer the question with reference to fiction, how security institutions are built. In order to glance the paradigm of securitization, Night, written by Bilge Karasu, is unique novel illustrating the construction process of fear in Turkish literature. This article is intended to challenge the concepts of security, securitization from the world of dangers and fears. Within this scope, the theoretical debate will cohere the opportunities of the literature through the night workers.
Highlights
This article aims to look the reasons for seeking securitization theoretically in the context of security and freedom and the relationship between fear and danger through Night, which is the novel written by Bilge Karasu
This article seeks to provide insight concerning security, securitization and how security institution differentiates from previous forms to complex forms
It is a fundamental point that security and following securitization policies are not independent processes
Summary
What are the historical roots of security? Was the world more secure in the past or does today’s world more dangerous despite technical developments? What is the relation between security and fear? Do fears regenerate or do they exist primordially in human nature? If it is constructed, how and which process contribute generating the fears? Is it possible to discuss security without fear? Is there any end(less) of the threshold of security? What are the limits of security? What determines to limits of security? Is it possible that to mention security as a tangible notion? Which context operates while establishing to security institution in recent politics? Is biopolitics, which came up with Michel Foucault, can be seen as a kind of securitization policy? These questions still can be extended more. It is that may be early signs of biopolitics before its explicit manifestation At this juncture, the securitization concept beyond a regular security gains importance. The literary language of Karasu in Night operates in discrete levels while drawing out “the night workers” with their actions It will be pursued the question how “the night workers” generate fear and how fear sense causes to the securitized environment in the community. The entity and their actions of “the night workers” are unique sample in terms of showing how security institution establishes through the channels calling fear sentiments. This text aims to discuss the existence of universal security institution in modern politics that operates in a complex structure
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