Abstract
Gorgonian corals, which belong to the genus Eunicella, are known as natural sources of diverse compounds with unique structural characteristics and interesting bioactivities both in vitro and in vivo. This review is focused primarily on the secondary metabolites isolated from various Eunicella species. The chemical structures of 64 compounds were divided into three main groups and comprehensively presented: a) terpenoids, b) sterols, and c) alkaloids and nucleosides. The observed biological activities of depicted metabolites with an impact on cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities were reviewed. The most promising biological activities of certain metabolites point to potential candidates for further development in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other industries, and are highlighted. Total synthesis or the synthetic approaches towards the desired skeletons or natural products are also summarized.
Highlights
Oceans and seas cover more than 70% of the surface of our planet and, are an extensive and rich source of biotechnological potential [1]
Polar nucleosides from E. cavolini, 9-β-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (62) and spongouridine (64), showed promising antiviral activity against DNA viruses [52]
As shown in this review, the interdisciplinary studies linked to gorgonian soft corals have
Summary
Oceans and seas cover more than 70% of the surface of our planet and, are an extensive and rich source of biotechnological potential [1]. Porifera are recognized among the most interesting organisms in bioprospecting as sources of the largest number of so far characterized marine metabolites. The main reason why they produce various secondary various secondary metabolites is to protect themselves from predatory species [4,8]. (Grasshoff, 1992), verrucosa (Pallas, 1766), and labiata (Thomson, 1927) [17] In addition to their potent high susceptibility climate change, anthropogenic influences, and other abiotic and biological activities,tohigh susceptibility to climate change, anthropogenic influences, andbiotic otherfactors, abiotic together with their together slow growth recovery rates, make the Eunicella. Synthetic approaches and total syntheses of isolated metabolites are schematically depicted
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