Abstract
Pairs of elements with very small differences in their half-wave potentials were determined at trace levels by second harmonic a.c. anodic stripping voltammetry. The simultaneous determination of lead and thallium as well as that of bismuth and antimony in 1 M hydrochloric acid as supporting electrolyte was found to be possible in the range of concentration ratios: 7:1 ⩾ C Pb: C Tl ⩾ 1:36 and 45:1 ⩾ C Sb: C Bi ⩾ 1:35, with <5 % relative error due to mutual interference. The limit of detection was ∼10 −8 M for all four elements, and the precision and error were 2–3%. The simultaneous determination of these metals in mixtures with concentration ratios outside the quoted ranges is still feasible by the standard-addition technique.
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