Abstract
Prevalence rate of Aedes aegypti was conducted in 20 houses from semi-urban areas of Yangon Region. Larval surveys were done at indoors and outdoors water containers of five types. Prevalence rate of larval density larvae was investigated monthly by standard indices. The highest infestation rate of the container index (CI) was in June 2018 (56.52%), the second highest was in July 2017 (48.36%) and the lowest rate was in April 2017 (5.07%); those of the Jar index (JI) was highest (36.49%) in June and second highest rate (23.8%) was in October 2017. Reasoning the Metal drum (MI) was highest (13.95%) in June 2018 and second highest (6.25%) was in July 2017. The larval infestation rate of Earthen pot (EI) was highest (42.1%) in July 2017. The larval incident rate in almost all indices showed that the highest rate was at the beginning of monsoon season, in June and July, while in the remaining months, the larval incident rate was found to decrease due to the application of insecticides in the study area by the Township Public Health Department. However, the application of insecticides did not cover all the breeding sites of the mosquitoes, the water puddles under their houses were left to apply the insecticides. The positive larval incident rate was assessed by Household (HI), Container index (CI), Breteau index (BI). The highest and second highest positive larval incident rates were all in June 2018 and July 2017 in all indices, HI (27.3% and 23.4%), CI (56.52% and 48.36%), BI (17.56% and 16.79%) and SI (28.49% and 24.38%) respectively. The lowest rate in all indices was 2.56% (HI), 5.07% (IC), 2.67% (BI) and 1.91% (SI) in April. In this study, the fluctuation of indices of infestation rates and positive larval index value was positively correlated in similar trends in the study months. The reason for difficult control measure depends on the water sources under their houses and remains stagnant throughout the year, even in the dry season. High incident and death rates of the children due to Dengue/Dengue Haemorrhagic fever patients in June and July could not be directly correlated with the prevalence of Aedes aegypti. The control measure is needed to wash out the water source under the houses and to apply the insecticides to the all breeding sites.
Highlights
Mosquito species comprises 3500 species under the family Culicidae of order Diptera globally
The highest infestation rate of the container index (CI) was in June 2018 (56.52%), the second highest was in July 2017 (48.36%) and the lowest rate was in April 2017 (5.07%); those of the Jar index (JI) was highest (36.49%) in June and second highest rate (23.8%) was in October 2017
The highest and second highest positive larval incident rates were all in June 2018 and July 2017 in all indices, House Index (HI) (27.3% and 23.4%), Container Index (CI) (56.52% and 48.36%), Breteau Index (BI) (17.56% and 16.79%) and Stegomyia Index (SI) (28.49% and 24.38%) respectively
Summary
Mosquito species comprises 3500 species under the family Culicidae of order Diptera globally. The mosquito causes the deaths of more people than any other animal taxa; over 700,000 each year [1]. The female mosquito Aedes aegypti is the main transmitted vector of the virus (DENV) causing Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) which is one of the serious and acute diseases that is fatal to the children at most. The mosquito species Aedes can breed in any sources of water in Myanmar. This disease becomes spread into the central dry zone it was in the lowland area of southern parts of Myanmar over the times of past [1] [2]. In Yangon Division, monsoon started in later weeks of May and tailed off in the month of January (VBDC, South Dagon Division, Annual Report, 2017) [3] [4]
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