Abstract
European Economic Area (EEA) states declare to contain greenhouse gases emissions at 20% by 2020, whereas European Union (EU) does 40% before 2030, which result in encouragement to apply low-carbon technologies. Coefficient of Performance ( COP ) and Seasonal Coefficient of Performance ( SCOP ne t ) are obtained using temperature measurement done by The Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB) at the weather station in Bialystok for ten-year period. The first variant is ground source heat pump (GSHP) and the second one is groundwater source heat pump (WSHP) which can be equipped with separating heat exchanger (SHE) optionally. In both cases heat is generated for heating system only. Ground temperature is determined from Baggs (1983) formula using Oleśkowicz-Popiel et. al. (2002) adaptation to Polish climate and substituting the local constants achieved by Biernacka (2010). Water temperature in a groundwater basin is obtained from Kowalski (2007) equation. Estimation is done in each hour of heating season. All COP values are higher than 3.5 required by EU (2013). SCOP ne t are as follows: 6.12, 5.86, 5.03 for WSHP, WSHP+SHE, GSHP respectively. Insomuch as WSHP needs only two boreholes it is recommended to the areas beneath ones a groundwater basin is located.
Highlights
Continuous temperature measurement since half of 19th century led into conclusion about climate changes on the Earth
SCOPnet values resulting from Eq (6) are written down in Fig. 2 as the labels
Lower outdoor temperature results in higher temperature in heating system. All these factors eventuate in lower values of bit Coefficient of Performance (COP) and as a consequence bring about less value of SCOPnet
Summary
Continuous temperature measurement since half of 19th century led into conclusion about climate changes on the Earth. It is commonly assumed the reason of temperature increase is in greenhouse gases (methane, carbon dioxide, water vapour, ozone, nitrous oxide, halogenated hydrocarbons, etc.) emissions. Keeling Curve indicates higher carbon dioxide concentration from 316 ppm in 1960 to 385 ppm in 2010 at Mauna Loa Observatory (Hawaii) [1]. These observations lead 27 countries to sign a protocol to limit greenhouse effect (the protocol was ratified by Poland on 2 December 2002). European Commission submitted a conception of 2030 climate and energy framework which includes targets for reducing greenhouse gases emissions by at least 40% before 2030 and encourages to apply low-carbon technologies [2]
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