Abstract
Fluctuations of conserved quantities are predicted to be sensitive observables to probe the QCD phase transition and critical point in heavy-ion collisions. Experimentally, various cumulants (up to fourth order) of net-proton (proxy for net-baryon (B)), net-kaon (proxy for net-strangeness (S)), and net-charge (Q) multiplicity distributions of Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 7.7 ~ 200 GeV has been measured by the STAR and PHENIX experiments from the first phase of beam energy scan program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. In this paper, i will discuss those experimental results and the corresponding physics implications.
Highlights
The Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) phase structure can be displayed in the two dimensional phase diagram
To vary the temperature (T ) and baryon chemical potential of the nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions [4], physicist has tuned the Au+Au nuclear colliding energies from high to low values, this allows us to access a broad region of the QCD phase diagram
Experiment are with larger statistical errors than the errors of net-proton fluctuations. This is because the statistical errors of vari√ous order cumulants depend on the width (σ) of the multiplicity distributions (( error(Cn) ∝ σn/( N n))) and the net-charge distributions are much wider than net-proton and net-kaon
Summary
The Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) phase structure can be displayed in the two dimensional phase diagram (temperature, T vs. baryon chemical potential, μB). Finite temperature Lattice QCD calculations has shown that at zero μB (μB = 0) region, it is a crossover transition between hadronic phase and quark-gluon phase. To vary the temperature (T ) and baryon chemical potential (μB) of the nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions [4], physicist has tuned the Au+Au nuclear colliding energies from high to low values, this allows us to access a broad region of the QCD phase diagram. We will discuss the experimental results from the STAR experiment for the fluctuations of conserved quantities. The experimental results and discussion will be presented in the third section.
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