Abstract
An offline search for a neutrino counterpart to gravitational-wave (GW) events detected during the second observation run (O2) of Advanced-LIGO and Advanced-Virgo performed with ANTARES data is presented. In addition to the search for long tracks induced by nu _mu ({overline{nu }}_{mu }) charged current interactions, a search for showering events induced by interactions of neutrinos of any flavour is conducted. The severe spatial and time coincidence provided by the gravitational-wave alert allows regions above the detector horizon to be probed, extending the ANTARES sensitivity over the entire sky. The results of this all-neutrino-flavour and all-sky time dependent analysis are presented. The search for prompt neutrino emission within ±500 s around the time of six GW events yields no neutrino counterparts. Upper limits on the neutrino spectral fluence and constraints on the isotropic energy radiated via high-energy neutrinos (from a few TeV to a few tens of PeV) are set for each GW event analysed.
Highlights
The ANTARES Collaboration actively follows all the GW alerts and performs a search for neutrino emission from GW sources
Given that the detector sensitivity depends on the source position, and that there is no precise location of the GW signals, the neutrino emission from a point-like source will be considered, with the source located at different pixels inside the error box region
Constraints are set both on the neutrino spectral fluence and on the total isotropic energy emitted through high-energy neutrinos in the 5–95% energy range sensitivity of the search, with results summarized in Tables 2 and 4
Summary
The ANTARES Collaboration actively follows all the GW alerts and performs a search for neutrino emission from GW sources. Two events did not pass the thresholds of the real-time analysis by LIGOVirgo and did not trigger an alert For those events for which an alert was received, the ANTARES Collaboration performed rapid follow-up observations, looking for neutrino counterparts below the horizon of the ANTARES detector, i.e. upgoing muon neutrino candidates having travelled through the Earth. The latest point-source and diffuse neutrino searches [17,18] by the ANTARES Collaboration illustrate the improvement achieved with an all-flavour analysis (∼30% gain in sensitivity), i.e. by including the so called ”shower” event topology. This topology covers hadronic cascades induced by all-flavour neutral current interactions and electromagnetic cascades from electron and tau neutrino charged current interactions.
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