SCREENING FOR ARTERIOPATHY OBLITERANTS OF THE LOWER LIMBS BY MEASUREMENT OF THE SYSTOLIC PRESSURE INDEX IN PATIENTS LIVING WITH HIV ON ANTIRETROVIRALS

Abstract

Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the frequency of obliterating arteriopathy of the lower limbs in HIV-positive patients on antiretrovirals by measuring the systolic pressure index, to describe the epidemiological and diagnostic aspects and to see the links between the field of HIV, the administration of antiretrovirals and the associated cardiovascular risk factors. Design and method: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study with prospective data collection which took place from May 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022. Included were HIV-positive patients on antiretrovirals, followed on an outpatient basis at the Regional Research Center and Training of the FANN Hospital Center, after having signed a free and informed consent. The data was collected on a pre-established survey sheet and included cardiovascular risk factors and especially those of the measurement of the systolic pressure index in a systematic and bilateral. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 18 software. Any difference less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Our study was conducted on 150 patients. The predominance was female with a sex ration of 0.58. The average age was 46.78 years. The main cardiovascular risk factors found were dyslipidemia (51.6%), hypertension (19.5%), smoking (6.9%) and diabetes (3.4%). Fifty-five percent (55%) had PAD (systolic pressure index < 0.9). Among them, 72.4% had a well-compensated PAD and 37.6% a poorly compensated PAD. The right lower limb was most often affected with a proportion of 37.9% and mainly concerned the anterior tibial artery (40.5%). The left lower limb was affected in 25.3% of cases with a predominance of involvement of the anterior tibial artery (35.5%). PAD was more frequent in women with a proportion of 68.5%, either. a sex ratio F/M of 2.17 and in patients under 50 (50.8%). All patients were on triple therapy with Tenofovir, Lamivudine and Dolutegravir. There was a correlation between smoking (p = 0.029), dyslipidemia (p = 0.02) and duration of HIV infection between 6-10 years (p = 0.039). Conclusions: Our study has highlighted the interest of systolic pressure index in the detection of PAD in patients living with HIV.