Abstract
BackgroundScreening for antenatal depression and its determinants is highly recommended. However, there is no consensus on a standard conceptual framework to approach pregnant women in a primary health care setting. The prevalence of antenatal depression and significant determinants are unknown in Qatar, a gap that we propose to fill.MethodsAn analytical cross-sectional study with a probability sampling technique was employed. Enrolling eight-hundred participants from primary health care centers. The screening was performed through a valid and reliable screening instrument ‘Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale.’ In addition to the proposed Comprehensive Biopsychosocial Model, participants were asked about their predisposing profile, biological risk, and other suggested modifiable variables.ResultsTwenty-one percent reported minor depressive episodes (n = 167, 20.9%) at a 95% confidence interval [18.2–23.8]. Previous use of mental health medications, fear of giving birth, concern about appearance, low perceived social support, and low resilience level showed to be associated with antenatal depression. The logistic regression analyses revealed that the Comprehensive Biopsychosocial model forecast 89% of antenatal depression predictors provided Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve of 0.89 at a 95% confidence interval [0.85 to 0.92].ConclusionsAntenatal depression is common among pregnant women in Qatar, and preventive interventions must target the determinants revealed. From a clinical perspective, the use of the proposed model may aid in the standardization of the screening process.
Highlights
Screening for antenatal depression and its determinants is highly recommended
Study design and setting We described an analytical cross-sectional study among pregnant women visiting antenatal clinics at the Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) in Qatar
The results suggest that older age, multigravida, second trimester, overweight or obese, low household income, and a positive history of mental illness medications were all associated with antenatal depression
Summary
There is no consensus on a standard conceptual framework to approach pregnant women in a primary health care setting. The prevalence of antenatal depression and significant determinants are unknown in Qatar, a gap that we propose to fill. To date, no pragmatic approach was implemented to detect significant antenatal depression determinants [7]. Diverse conceptual models explained perinatal depression while few discussed antenatal depression as a unit acknowledging pregnancy stressors are different from those associated with baby arrival. The stress-vulnerability and stress-coping model was adopted among Korean pregnant women. This framework was criticized as it focused mainly on marital dissatisfaction and lacked acknowledging other social and behavioural determinants of women’s health [8]
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