Abstract
Abstract A description is provided for Sclerotinia laxa [Monilinia laxa] . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On almond, apple, apricot, cherry, Corylus avellana, Fragaria , loquat, medlar, nectarine, peach, pear, plum, Prunus spp., Pyrus spp., quince, rhododendron, grapevine. DISEASE: Brown fruit rot particularly of plum, cherry, peach, nectarine, apricot and quince, less commonly of apple and pear; black apples. Blossom wilt, wither tip, spur blight, twig blight, canker, leaf infection. Considered to be a pathogen of blossom and twigs more than fruit. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Morocco, S. Africa; Afghanistan, China, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Turkey, USSR (Central Asia); Australia, New Zealand; widespread in Europe; Canada, USA, Guatemala, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay. CMI Map 44, ed. 4, 1976. TRANSMISSION: Mummified fruits overwinter either on trees or on the ground beneath and at the start of the growing season give rise to sporodochia and, less frequently, apothecia. Conidia also form on other infected organs such as twig cankers and blighted spurs. Conidia and ascospores are capable of initiating infection and are disseminated by air currents and water splash (45, 3581; 48, 3565; 51, 4119; 54, 190). There is a limited amount of spread by vegetative mycelium (42, 207).
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