Scientific corrections of publications by authors affiliated with Chilean institutions

GeoRaman is an international conference where researchers gather to discuss the application of Raman spectroscopy in the fields of geological, planetary, and archaeological sciences. Historically, the first GeoRaman conference was held in Paris (France) in 1986, and then continued there for some time. After a stint in France, the conference then moved to Valladolid (Spain) in 1999, and then took a wide international journey to Prague (Czech Republic) in 2002, to Hawaii (USA) in 2004, to Almunecar (Spain) in 2006, to Gent (Belgium) in 2008, to Sydney (Australia) in 2010, and then back to Nancy (France) in 2012. For the first time, this conference was held in the continental United States, in St. Louis, Missouri, from 15 to 19 of June 2014. Researchers from over 18 countries attended. GeoRaman XI in St. Louis focused on two major aspects of Raman spectroscopy: (1) the most advanced technologies and instrumentation, from laboratories to a wide variety of field applications, e.g. industrial and security monitoring, geo-fields, deep ocean, and on other planets and (2) the newest applications in studying inorganic, organic, and bio-genetic materials in Earth Sciences, Planetary Sciences, Environmental Science, Forensic Science, Archaeology and Archaeometry, Gemology, and Astrobiology. This special issue of the Journal of Raman spectroscopy dedicated to the 11th International GeoRaman Conference has 31 papers covering areas such as Planetary Science, Astrobiology, Mineralogy and Petrology, Biomineralization, Fluid Inclusions, Archaeology and Archaeometry, and Environmental Science. Several of the papers in this special issue are related to the application of Raman spectroscopy as an instrument for planetary exploration. Wei et al.1 report the first rover test of a Raman spectrometer specifically developed for mission flights, the Mars Micro-beam Raman Spectrometer in the Atacama Desert (Chile). In this work, they discovered γ-anhydrite, which is typically an unstable mineral, in large quantities in the soils of the Atacama Desert. Lui and Wang2 shed light on the dehydration of Na-jarosite, ferricopiapite, and rhomboclase to understand their formation and presence as ferric sulfates on Mars. This paper can be found here http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/jrs.4655/asset/jrs4655.pdf. Uriarte et al.3 work on collecting reference spectra of CaCl2.nH2O (n = 0, 2, 4, 6) to enable the geochemical community to identify these key minerals in important fluid geochemical processes here on Earth and Mars. Wang et al.4 provide the first systematic Raman spectroscopic study of phyllosilicates of planetary science importance for the characterization of such materials on the surface of Mars. Bathgate et al.5 identify by Raman spectroscopy primary and secondary minerals of volcanic rock weathering and alteration as a database for upcoming future exploration of Mars. This special issue contains a number of papers detailing the application of Raman spectroscopy to detect chemical traces of life on Mars. Fernandes et al.6 elucidate the pigment chemistry of three lichens of astrobiological relevance. They report the first identification of parietin in these lichens, which this pigment is effective in protecting the organism from free radicals and ultraviolet radiation. The paper can be found here http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/jrs.4626/asset/jrs4626.pdf Hooijschuur et al.7 investigate the effects of photodegradation of carotenoids within bacterial cell membranes and calcite. They report that carotenoids residing in the bacterial membranes were less sensitive to photodegradation than the mineral matrix. Harris et al.8 investigated several terrestrial Mars analogue samples to point out a cautionary tale to the astrobiology community potential for confusion in interpreting Raman spectra acquired from these types of samples. Foucher et al.9 demonstrates the potential of Raman mapping of the distribution and change in intensity ratio of the D and G bands arising from carbonaceous material as a biosignature to help identify potential fossilized microbes here in early Earth rocks and Mars. Several of the papers in this special issue are on the application of Raman spectroscopy to problems in mineralogy and petrology. Korsakov et al.10 undertook Confocal two-dimensional and three-dimensional Raman imaging of the Kokchetav metamorphic diamonds from different rock types which these results showed that those various diamonds had different crystal quality with complex internal morphologies associated with defects. The paper by Bartholomew et al.11 investigates the potential of Raman spectroscopy as the number one instrument for mineral identification in the Geosciences. They quantify the range of Raman intensities that can be expected from natural mineral samples and investigate the incorporation of this information into instrument standards and analytical methodology to design data collection strategies across Geoscience laboratories. Carey et al.12 apply machine learning techniques in order to improve mineral identification obtained by Raman spectroscopy. Golovin et al.13 show that the carbonate mineral zemkorite is not likely stable at the Earth's surface but will transform into the more stable polymorph nyerereite at these P-T conditions. Gomez-Nubla et al.14 characterized impact glass formed by meteorite impacts. They show that a substantial degree of post-impact terrestrial weathering can occur in these materials, which needs to be taken under consideration. Frost et al.15 use vibrational spectroscopy to characterize the mineral tangdanite and show that this mineral contains arsenate and sulfate polyhedra. Jehlicka and Vandenabeele16 evaluate portable Raman instruments to investigate the best excitation wavelength in collection of spectra from zeolite and beryllium containing silicate minerals. This work recommends using the portable NIR 785 nm system for the collection of better quality spectra on these materials. Cathelineau et al.17 use Raman spectroscopy to better understand the crystal structure of the economically important Ni-ore talc-like mineral phases, revealing that Raman spectroscopy can quickly evaluate the Ni content in these important economic minerals. Burlet and Vandrabant18 shed light on the structure of economically important manganese oxide minerals lithiophorite and asbolane that are typically difficult to characterize by traditional X-ray diffraction. Lopez and Frost19 shed light on the mineral responsible for the coloration of black marble from a quarry in Chillagoe, North Queensland, Australia. Petriglieri et al.20 use Raman mapping to identify small-scale changes in serpentine mineralogy to enable a greater understanding of the serpentinization process. Moroz et al.21 delineate the best wavelength of laser excitation to collect fluorescence free spectra on thermally immature carbonaceous materials. They clearly demonstrate that the laser excitation wavelength at 325 nm yields the best quality spectra that can be collected from these materials. This was a new session organized at GeoRaman, and while we only have one paper for the special issue, this field is opening up for the application of Raman spectroscopy and should grow enormously in the near future. Bioapatite, a carbonated, hydroxylated calcium phosphate salt, undergoes phase changes during heating. However, these changes are somewhat unclear; Li et al.22 elucidated these thermal transformations using Raman spectroscopy to study various heated material. They observed that the mineral undergoes de-carbonation and recrystallization at relatively low temperatures. This special issue contains a number of papers on fluid inclusions, which have contributed greatly to our understanding of measuring salinity and gaseous phases. Caumon et al.23 shed light on the role of mineral birefringence and on the polarization properties of the O–H stretching band of liquid water for determining the salinity of aqueous fluid inclusions. Tarantola and Caumon24 revealed that salinity measurements in fluid inclusions were overestimated by 1% per 10–15 MPa of negative pressure, thus allowing a way forward to determine the salinity of metastable fluid inclusions by Raman spectroscopy. Li and Chou25 analyze silicate melt inclusions in quartz from granites within pegmatite deposits by Raman spectroscopy revealing for the first time the occurrence of H2 in the vapor phase of the inclusion. Chou26 calibrated the Raman shifts of cyclohexane with the goal of using this calibration to accurately determine the ν1 CH4 band position to calculate CH4 densities in fluid inclusions. Several papers in this special issue are devoted to Archaeology and Archaeometry. Barone et al.27 obtain Raman spectra using portable instruments on an archaeologically significant jewelry museum collection dated to the 17th–18th centuries in order to verify previous identification of the gems in the collection made by conservators. Cianchetta et al.28 used Raman spectroscopy to investigate the process used in the red and black coloring of Athenian pottery. They showed for the first time that these ancient materials were produced using at least two separate firings. Coccato et al.29 investigate carbon black pigments in works of art to elucidate the various sources and origins of different carbons used as artwork color pigments. Rousaki et al.30 analyzed the pigment composition of hunter-gathered archaeological samples from Northern Patagonia. Their work demonstrates these ancient people used clay-like materials rather than the usual hematite as a pigment agent. Belgodere et al.31 determine diffusion coefficients of dissolved carbon dioxide in varying salinities to predict the transport of dissolved gases in sedimentary sequences for mitigation of green house gas emissions. The 31 papers in this special issue dedicated to the 11th International GeoRaman Conference have expanded our understanding in a diverse range of fields. For example, the interaction of geological fluids and their measurement, elucidation of biological activity in recent and ancient environments here on Earth, astrobiological prospecting for life on Mars, thermal transformation of biologically precipitated minerals, mineral stability at the surface of the Earth, structure of economically important minerals, Raman spectroscopy as major tool for mineral identification, and pigment chemistry used in art and cultural artifacts. Given the enthusiasm and quest for knowledge in the GeoRaman community, together with the development of new Raman techniques, the future GeoRaman conferences should continue to generate exciting new research in the Earth Sciences. I would like to thank all the delegates, presenters, and conference assistants (providing great help in the background), the local organizing committee, the international science advisory committee, and Washington University in St. Louis for a wonderful venue. I am extremely grateful to the following companies and institutions that supported this conference: Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McDonnell Center for Space Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Renishaw, WiTec, ThermoFisher Scientific, Andor, Bruker, BWTEK, GemLab Group, Horiba Scientific, Kaiser Optical System, Inc., Ondax, RPMC, SciAps, and R. H. Minerals. Special thanks to the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, Dr Larry Nafie, for making this special issue possible, and of course, to all the authors and reviewers of the manuscripts for their invaluable contribution. It was a pleasure and honor to serve as the guest editor for this diverse collection of papers, and I am looking forward to seeing you at the next GeoRaman conference in Novosibirsk, Russia in 2016!

GeoLatinas in Space is an initiative that fosters scientific literacy in an inclusive environment. For decades access to space-related formation has been precluded to social advantage groups. Minorities have faced low visibility of role models in leadership positions, language barriers, lack of access to resources and information, and ultimately non-inclusive working spaces, resulting in an even more challenging environment. In light of current and historical social challenges that minorities face, GeoLatinas’ visionary purpose offers a platform that aims to empower Latinas in Earth and Planetary sciences. Our community intends to create an inclusive, safe space for scientists from different backgrounds to converge. The new space race is growing exponentially, and occupations in space are becoming more and more relevant. The technology revolution is already here, but it is still centered and constrained by linguistic restrictions. As the new space race gets underway, a need for scientifically competent individuals from other fields will also arise. To promote literacy and communication in planetary sciences, GeoLatinas in Space has established a community that encourages information sharing, makes it approachable, and assures that it is evenly circulated in multiple languages. By providing and expanding accessibility to space literacy content and encouraging the creation of professional profiles dedicated to space projects and the cosmos, our goal and efforts are focused on closing knowledge gaps in developing nations, particularly Latin America. By showing that space jobs are feasible today and accessible to those who are interested in pursuing them, we engage a broader audience and work to inspire younger generations.

Research Article| June 01, 2015 A Technological Gem: Materials, Medical, and Environmental Mineralogy of Apatite John F. Rakovan; John F. Rakovan 1Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami UniversityOxford, OH 45056-2473, USAE-mail: rakovajf@miamioh.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Jill D. Pasteris Jill D. Pasteris 2Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USAE-mail: pasteris@levee.wustl.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information John F. Rakovan 1Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami UniversityOxford, OH 45056-2473, USAE-mail: rakovajf@miamioh.edu Jill D. Pasteris 2Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USAE-mail: pasteris@levee.wustl.edu Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online Issn: 1811-5217 Print Issn: 1811-5209 © 2015 by the Mineralogical Society of America Elements (2015) 11 (3): 195–200. https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.11.3.195 Article history First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation John F. Rakovan, Jill D. Pasteris; A Technological Gem: Materials, Medical, and Environmental Mineralogy of Apatite. Elements 2015;; 11 (3): 195–200. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.11.3.195 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyElements Search Advanced Search Abstract Apatite has numerous applications that benefit society. The atomic arrangement of the apatite crystal structure and its rich and variable chemistry impart unique properties, which permit a wide range of technological and scientific applications in an array of disciplines outside of the traditional Earth sciences, including ecology, agronomy, biology, medicine, archeology, environmental remediation, and materials science. In our daily lives, apatite is essential for sustaining and enhancing human life through agricultural amendments, through bone replacements, through fluorescent lights, and through environmental remediation of contaminated soils. Apatite is truly a technological gem. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Returning samples from Mars to Earth for scientific analysis has been, and continues to be, among the highest priority objectives of planetary science. Partly for this reason, the 2011 Planetary Science Decadal Survey placed high priority on a proposed 2018 rover mission that would conduct careful in situ science and use that scientific information to select and cache samples that could be returned to Earth by a potential future mission. In order to ensure that the potential contributions of the 2018 rover to the proposed MSR Campaign are properly planned, this study was undertaken to consider the science of the MSR Campaign concept from end to end. This white paper is the principal output of the Mars Sample Return (MSR) End-to-End International Science Analysis Group (E2E-iSAG): a group chartered by MEPAG (Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group).

In this paper, we assess the scientific promise and technology feasibility of in situ distributed instruments for planetary surface and atmospheric science. A distributed instrument is an instrument designed to collect spatially and temporally correlated data from multiple networked, geographically distributed point sensors. Distributed instruments are ubiquitous in Earth science, where they are routinely employed for weather and climate science, seismic studies and resource prospecting, and detection of industrial emissions. However, to date, their adoption in planetary science has been minimal. It is natural to ask whether this lack of adoption is driven by low potential to address high-priority questions in planetary science, immature technology, or both. To address this question, we survey high-priority planetary science questions that are uniquely well suited to distributed, surface-deployed, in situ instruments. We identify four areas of research where such distributed instruments hold promise to unlock answers that are largely inaccessible to monolithic sensors or remote sensing approaches, or can complement existing approaches, namely, in weather and climate studies; localization of seismic events on rocky and icy bodies; localization of trace gas emissions; and magnetometry studies of internal planetary composition. Next, we survey enabling technologies for distributed sensors and assess their maturity. We identify sensor placement (including descent and landing on planetary surfaces), power, and instrument autonomy as three key areas requiring further investment to enable future distributed instruments. Overall, this work shows that distributed instruments hold great promise for planetary science, and paves the way for follow-up studies of future distributed instruments for solar system science.

Hydrological ProcessesVolume 22, Issue 14 p. 2723-2725 Invited Commentary Do Nash values have value? Discussion and alternate proposals Robert E. Criss, Corresponding Author Robert E. Criss criss@wustl.edu Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USADepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA.===Search for more papers by this authorWilliam E. Winston, William E. Winston Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USASearch for more papers by this author Robert E. Criss, Corresponding Author Robert E. Criss criss@wustl.edu Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USADepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA.===Search for more papers by this authorWilliam E. Winston, William E. Winston Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 May 2008 https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7072Citations: 181AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume22, Issue141 July 2008Pages 2723-2725 RelatedInformation

An unprecedented growth in academic publication has led to a deluge of information also the challenge of absorbing the knowledge desired. Our focus is on quantitative and qualitative methods that explore the evolutionary pattern of an emerging discussion in academic discourse. As a case study, we use the United Nations 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs);a topic that gained momentum in academic discourse as well as business and management literature. We argue that both quantitative and qualitative approaches should be utilized when reviewing literature on emerging, complex and multidisciplinary topics, such as the SDGs. To obtain an accurate, holistic perspective on development and challenges surrounding this topic, a mixed-method literature review approach identified significant discussion clusters. While applying each methodological approach separately and clustering the topical areas, we made an effort to combine the results of both quantitative and qualitative literature review assessments to observe the overlaps and differences.

Diskursne oznake, multifunkcionalne jezične jedinice čija je glavna uloga uspostavljanje kohezivnih i koherencijskih veza u diskursu te stvaranje interaktivnih veza među govornicima, igraju iznimno važnu ulogu u pragmatičkoj i diskursnoj kompetenciji govornika. Njihova velika važnost za prirodnu komunikaciju primjerenu kontekstu ukazuje nam na njihov značaj za nastavnike i učenike stranih jezika. Istraživanje opisano u ovomu radu provedeno je radi pružanja uvida u uporabu diskursnih oznaka hrvatskih nastavnika engleskoga kao stranoga jezika u nastavi s učenicima na dvjema razinama ovladanosti jezikom. Korpus govora osam nastavnica analiziran je kvantitativnim i kvalitativnim pristupom pružajući sveobuhvatan uvid u njihovu uporabu diskursnih oznaka, stavove prema ovim jedinicama i udžbenike kojima se koriste u nastavi. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da nastavnice rabe širok raspon diskursnih oznaka u nastavi, ali ih u manjemu broju rabe učestalo. Učestale diskursne oznake u njihovu govoru imaju uloge koje se prvenstveno odnose na organizaciju i upravljanje interakcijom u učionici. Analiza pet najčešćih diskursnih oznaka kroz primjere njihove uporabe iz korpusa pruža iznimno detaljan uvid u način na koji ih nastavnice rabe, među ostalim kako bi ostvarile osnovne uloge govora nastavnika. Osvrt na stavove nastavnica i na način obrade diskursnih oznaka u udžbenicima engleskoga jezika upotpunjuju sliku iz koje se može zaključiti da je u hrvatskomu obrazovnomu kontekstu prijeko potrebno sustavno uključiti diskursne oznake u obrazovanje sadašnjih i budućih nastavnika kako bi znali na koji način i u kojoj mjeri svojim učenicima olakšati usvajanje ovih iznimno važnih oblika, što je važna pedagoška implikacija ovoga istraživanja. Budući da kod nas dosad nisu dokumentirana znanstvena istraživanja o uporabi diskursnih oznaka kod hrvatskih nastavnika engleskoga jezika, riječ je o sasvim novim uvidima u ovu temu. Spoznaje proizašle iz ovoga istraživanja mogu pridonijeti razvoju saznanja o govoru nastavnika stranih jezika i postupcima koje nastavnici rabe u nastavi kako bi učenicima olakšali usvajanje jezika. Rezultati istraživanja doprinijet će općenitomu razvoju metodologije poučavanja engleskomu jeziku i oblikovanju smjernica u stručnomu usavršavanju nastavnika u području diskursne kompetencije

Meteorites preserve a wide range of oxygen isotopic signatures from the time of the Solar System's formation. Most of these rocks record complex histories, each phase of which has the potential for overwriting initial oxygen signatures. The unequilibrated ordinary chondrites reveal evidence of hydrothermal alteration through isotopic disequilibrium within chondrules and in secondary magnetites, which we can now constrain to temperatures of 140–180°C. The effects of this alteration are progressively obliterated by later thermal metamorphism. Further heating leads to melting (shown in achondritic meteorites), producing well–defined mass–fractionation lines using high–precision analyses.The oxygen from low–temperature minerals in carbonaceous chondrites reveals high levels of isotopic uniformity, suggesting that the aqueous alteration occurred under open–system conditions. The initial isotopic composition of the water from the ordinary chondrites is quite distinct from that in the carbonaceous chondrites, but both fall on a single line of slope 1.0, as do the initial anhydrous silicate compositions. This is taken to show that a process generating a mass–independent fractionation was responsible for most of the oxygen–isotopic variation seen in meteorites. Subsequent aqueous alteration of the meteorite parent bodies involving these components is then capable of producing the full observed variation.

Welcome to Progress in Earth and Planetary Science (PEPS), the new full open access peer-review e-journal covering all the branches of Earth and Planetary Sciences including Space and Planetary Sciences, Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Sciences, Human Geosciences, Solid Earth Sciences, and Biogeosciences. PEPS has been launched by the Japan Geoscience Union (JpGU–the organization which represents earth and planetary science societies in Japan), and aims to serve as an international platform for the publication of high-quality articles covering a wider field than the usual specialist journals. The choice of the name “Progress in Earth and Planetary Science” expresses our hope for progress in our various research areas, whilst the word “Science” is left in the singular to representing our desire for greater unity between the various subfields. The main objective of this open-access e-journal is to publish high-level research and review articles and by doing so to disseminate information and basic knowledge at very low cost to readers around the world. In order to achieve this we are working with Springer-open as a publishing partner. Since I think it is fair to say that worldwide most scientific research in our field has been supported by government money, and therefore of course by the general public, it is only fair and reasonable that the results of this research should be freely available to all. One of the further attractions of PEPS is that the copyright of all articles rests with the author. So of course everyone is free to post copies of their PEPS papers on their home pages. In addition to regular scientific papers, PEPS also aims to promote the publication of review articles. Journals tend to provide newer information than is available in books, and, given the rapid progress in many scientific fields, the relative importance attached by academic libraries to journals has been increasing. Major international scientific publishing houses think that this trend will continue for the foreseeable future. In view of this, the JpGU thinks that the emphasis placed by the new journal on review articles will provide an opportunity for scientists to read organized descriptions of new developments before such material appears in book form. We see the review article, which provides a summary of the latest systematic developments, as being mid-way between a scientific paper and a book. We hope that the review articles in PEPS will be useful educational resources for the geoscience community, for instance by forming the basis for university seminars. The JpGU will be responsible for the development of PEPS, and would like to contribute to the future success of the journal. PEPS will be run by the Journal Steering and Planning Committee and the Journal Editorial Committee in cooperation with the JpGU Board of Directors and the JpGU member societies. It is our intention to publish high quality articles either discussing specific research results or explaining general unifying concepts. We will accept manuscripts from authors based anywhere in the world, regardless of affiliation or JpGU membership.

Journal of Metamorphic GeologyVolume 25, Issue 5 p. 509-510 Metamorphic zones in the Anglesey blueschist belt and implications for the development of a Neoproterozoic subduction–accretion complex: reply T. KAWAI, T. KAWAI Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorB. F. WINDLEY, B. F. WINDLEY Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UKSearch for more papers by this authorM. TERABAYASHI, M. TERABAYASHI Department of Safety Systems Construction Engineering, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0396, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorH. YAMAMOTO, H. YAMAMOTO Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, JapanSearch for more papers by this author, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorY. ISOZAKI, Y. ISOZAKI Department of Earth Science & Astronomy, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro Tokyo 153-8902Search for more papers by this author T. KAWAI, T. KAWAI Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorB. F. WINDLEY, B. F. WINDLEY Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UKSearch for more papers by this authorM. TERABAYASHI, M. TERABAYASHI Department of Safety Systems Construction Engineering, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0396, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorH. YAMAMOTO, H. YAMAMOTO Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, JapanSearch for more papers by this author, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorY. ISOZAKI, Y. ISOZAKI Department of Earth Science & Astronomy, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro Tokyo 153-8902Search for more papers by this author First published: 07 May 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2007.00710.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume25, Issue5June 2007Pages 509-510 RelatedInformation

Vibrational spectroscopy is used in Earth science for both quantitative and qualitative analysis. This report focuses on infrared (IR) spectroscopy, although similar efforts are on-going in Raman spectroscopy. Qualitative studies utilize the fact that the vibrational spectrum is a characteristic of a material: hence comparison to a set of standards allows for identification of the phase. Most of these types of studies in Earth science involve macrosamples, but measurements of microsamples from meteorites are on interest in order to identify the structure of SiC inclusions and the type of organic compounds in interplanetary dust. As most of these samples are micron sized, which is below the diffraction limit for the mid-IR, the approach has been to compress the sample using a diamond anvil cell (DAC) into a disk of sub-micron thickness, adhere the sample to a KBr plate, and to subsequently remove the disk from the DAC and obtain spectra with the aid of an FTIR microscope.

Neoproterozoic strata in Death Valley, California, contain eukaryotic microfossils and glacial deposits that have been used to assess the severity of putative snowball Earth events and the biological response to extreme environmental change. These successions also contain evidence for synsedimentary faulting that has been related to the rifting of Rodinia, and in turn the tectonic context of the onset of snowball Earth. These interpretations hinge on local geological relationships and both regional and global stratigraphic correlations. Here, we present new geological mapping, measured stratigraphic sections, carbon and strontium isotope chemostratigraphy, and micropaleontology from the Neoproterozoic glacial deposits and bounding strata in Death Valley. These new data enable us to refine regional correlations, both across Death Valley and throughout Laurentia, and construct a new age model for glacigenic strata and microfossil assemblages. Particularly, our remapping of the Kingston Peak Formation in the Saddle Peak Hills and near the type locality shows for the first time that glacial deposits of both the Marinoan and Sturtian glaciations can be distinguished in southeastern Death Valley, and that beds containing vase-shaped microfossils are slump blocks derived from the underlying strata. These slump blocks are associated with multiple overlapping unconformities that developed during synsedimentary faulting, which is a common feature of Cyrogenian strata along the margin of Laurentia from California to Alaska. With these data, we conclude that all of the microfossils that have been described to date in Neoproterozoic strata of Death Valley predate the glaciations and do not bear on the severity, extent, or duration of Neoproterozoic snowball Earth events.

Hydrological ProcessesVolume 18, Issue 7 p. 1353-1359 Invited Commentary The fine structure of water-quality dynamics: the (high-frequency) wave of the future James W. Kirchner, Corresponding Author James W. Kirchner kirchner@seismo.berkeley.edu Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USADepartment of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-4767, USA.===Search for more papers by this authorXiahong Feng, Xiahong Feng Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USASearch for more papers by this authorColin Neal, Colin Neal Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, UKSearch for more papers by this authorAlice J. Robson, Alice J. Robson Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, UKSearch for more papers by this author James W. Kirchner, Corresponding Author James W. Kirchner kirchner@seismo.berkeley.edu Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USADepartment of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-4767, USA.===Search for more papers by this authorXiahong Feng, Xiahong Feng Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USASearch for more papers by this authorColin Neal, Colin Neal Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, UKSearch for more papers by this authorAlice J. Robson, Alice J. Robson Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 23 April 2004 https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5537Citations: 285AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume18, Issue7May 2004Pages 1353-1359 RelatedInformation

BackgroundBig qualitative data analysis is an emerging discipline in qualitative health research and has been used with online posts, open-ended survey responses, and patient health records. Traditional methods of qualitative...