Science Comics and Educaplay Associated With Cognitive Gains in Science Learning

Education is essential and a right for all Indonesian citizens. The quality of education is seen in student learning outcomes. Based on observations at SMP N 1 Talun, as many as 85.3% of students' cognitive learning outcomes still need to be completed, and learning activities after the COVID-19 pandemic have yet to carry out learning activities that can hone students' psychomotor abilities. The use of teaching materials is also only based on printed package books. Therefore, it is necessary to develop teaching materials to train students' cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes. Research & Development (R&D) research conducted using the 4D model. This study aims to determine the characteristics and validity of hypercontent e-modules with a STEM approach and the profile of students' cognitive learning outcomes and psychomotor learning outcomes after using e-modules. The average material and media validation results were 95.4% and 97.2%, which received very valid criteria. The cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes profile shows that 76% and 79% of students get a complete score. Based on these results, hypercontent e-modules with a STEM approach are declared very valid and can train students' cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes.

This study aims to develop an educational dance learning model for basic education with a model called ICOSRIE. The method used was research and development. This research was conducted in small-scale and large-scale trials. In developing this model, the test was carried out twice, namely the pre-test and the post-test (before and after being given treatment). The stages carried out in the trial include: (1) conducting a pre-test to measure the initial ability of college students about educational dance courses for kindergarten and elementary school using instruments that have been tested, (2) providing treatment of the ICOSRIE learning model in Educational Dance Courses for Kindergarten and Elementary School, (3) holding a post-test to measure the ability of college students after being treated. Based on statistical calculations, the average cognitive pre-test learning outcomes in large group trials were 39.82, mode 12, median 40, standard deviation 4.02, and variance 16.18. While the average cognitive post-test learning outcomes in large group trials were 80.01, mode 24, median 81.66, standard deviation 4.81, and variance 23.14. Histograms of pre-test and post-test cognitive learning outcomes were obtained in large group trials. Based on statistical calculations, the average value of cognitive pre-test learning outcomes in small group trials was 33.66, mode 50, median 35, standard deviation 14.69, and variance 219.92. Meanwhile, the average cognitive post-test learning outcomes in small group trials were 71.33, mode 80, median 71.66, standard deviation 8.04, and variance 64.70. The average difference in small-group cognitive learning outcomes among students during the pre-test was 10, with a standard deviation of 4,408. While the average cognitive learning outcomes of students during the post-test were 21.10 with a standard deviation of 2,025. The results of the statistical test obtained a p-value of 0.001, asserting that it can be concluded that there are small group cognitive learning outcomes in students during the pre-test and post-test after being given the ICOSRIE learning model. The average difference in cognitive learning outcomes of large groups of students during the pre-test was 11.95, with a standard deviation of 1,207. Meanwhile, the average cognitive learning outcomes of students during the post-test were 24.61 with a standard deviation of 1,443. The results of the statistical test obtained a p-value of 0.001, asserting that there are cognitive learning outcomes in large groups of students during the pre-test and post-test after being given the ICOSRIE learning model.

This research aims to describe the influence of the Questions Student Have learning model assisted by interactive poster media on learning outcomes in the cognitive science domain of fifth grade elementary school students. The type of research used is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design, and a post-test only control group design. The population of this research was class V students at SDN 84 Singkawang, totaling 43 students using a saturated sampling technique so that the sample used was 43 students consisting of VA as the control class and VB as the experimental class. The data collection technique used in this research is a test technique in the form of a cognitive domain learning outcomes test and a non-test in the form of a student response questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is quantitative analysis in the form of independent sample t-test, effect size and descriptive percentage. The results of the research show that: (1) There are differences in students' cognitive learning outcomes in science learning in class V elementary school between classes that use the Questions Student Have learning model assisted by interactive poster media and classes that use direct learning. This is shown by the significance level between the experimental classes of 0.002 > 0.05. (2) The Questions Student Have learning model assisted by interactive poster media has a high influence on students' cognitive learning outcomes in science learning in class V elementary school. This is shown by the Effect Size results of 0.993. (3) Positive student responses to the Questions Students Have learning model in science learning in fifth grade elementary school. This is shown from the calculations that the percentage of student responses of 80.5% is included in the very good category. So the conclusion of this research shows that there is an influence of the Questions Student Have learning model assisted by interactive poster media on learning outcomes in the cognitive science domain of fifth grade elementary school students.

The inquiry learning model (IBL) has been explored in many fields of science. Therefore, this research shows the exploration of IBL assisted by Macromedia flash in improving cognitive science learning outcomes for elementary school students. This study aimed to determine the effect of Macromedia flash-assisted IBL on students' cognitive learning outcomes. This quasi-experimental research with a nonequivalent control group design used a sample of 66 students consisting of 33 students in the experimental group and 33 students in the control group. The data collection technique was carried out through tests, using test questions validated by experts and tested for feasibility. Hypothesis testing by the ANCOVA test analysis using the SPSS Statistics 23 program on the pretests obtained a sig value. (2-tailed) > which is 0.000 <0.05, then H0 is rejected, and Ha is accepted. It means that there is an influence of the learning model on cognitive learning outcomes. The results of the LSD test showed that the IBL model assisted by Macromedia flash was significantly different in cognitive learning outcomes compared to the conventional model. Thus, IBL Macromedia flash assistance can be recommended for improving students' cognitive learning outcomes.

General Background: Cognitive learning outcomes in elementary science are a key indicator of educational success and students’ conceptual understanding. Specific Background: In many classrooms, science instruction still relies on conventional teacher-centered approaches, resulting in passive participation, low motivation, and superficial comprehension, particularly in abstract topics such as energy transformation. Knowledge Gap: Empirical evidence from controlled classroom implementation regarding how project-based approaches relate to measurable cognitive outcomes in elementary science contexts remains limited. Aims: This study aims to determine the effect of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model on fourth-grade students’ cognitive learning outcomes in science. Results: Using a quantitative pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design with 27 students, the mean score increased from 78 to 88 after treatment, surpassing the minimum competency criterion of 75; paired t-test analysis showed statistical significance (p = 0.001; t = 8.832 > 2.045). Students also demonstrated high enthusiasm and active participation during project activities. Novelty: The study provides classroom-based empirical evidence linking PjBL implementation to measurable gains in cognitive achievement on the topic of energy transformation in an Indonesian elementary school setting. Implications: The findings support the use of project-centered inquiry as an instructional alternative to conventional methods for improving science learning outcomes and fostering meaningful learning experiences at the primary level. Highlights: Mean test performance rose from pre-instruction to post-instruction levels above the competency threshold. Statistical testing confirmed a significant difference between initial and final measurements. Learners displayed strong engagement and active involvement during project activities. Keywords: Project Based Learning; Cognitive Learning Outcomes; Elementary Science Education; Energy Transformation; Pre-Experimental Study

This study investigates the impact of using electronic worksheets on students' cognitive learning outcomes in understanding the human digestive system. Conducted at SMPN 3 Porong with Grade VIII students, the research employed a quantitative approach with Quasi Experimental Design and Non-equivalent Control Group Design. The experimental class (VIII F) used electronic worksheets, while the control class (VIII G) did not. Pretests and posttests were administered, showing a significant improvement in cognitive learning outcomes in the experimental class compared to the control. These findings highlight the potential of electronic tools in enhancing student learning experiences in science education, particularly in complex subjects like biology. Highlight: Enhanced learning with electronic worksheets in science education. Quasi-experimental design compares electronic and traditional methods. Technology integration improves student engagement and cognitive outcomes. Keyword: Electronic Worksheets, Cognitive Learning Outcomes, Science Education, Quasi Experimental Design, Student Engagement

Introduction. To better support the development of domain expertise, there has been considerable interest in the instructional strategies that afford opportunities for problem solving. Simulation-based learning includes case-based activities that support learners' transition into practice through experience and reflective debriefing. Review of the Literature. Simulation-based learning serves as a means for learners to practice psychomotor, affective, and cognitive skills. Although the literature suggests this is an effective strategy for supporting problem-solving skills, much of the literature is focused on measuring cognitive outcomes within a single case. As such, very few studies have simultaneously investigated (a) how debriefing in simulation-based education supports problem solving and (b) the degree to which cognitive and affective learning outcomes are variable throughout the problem-solving process. Methodology. To address this gap, this repeated-measures study examined the role of debriefing strategies in simulation-based learning experiences, which was designed to practice both cognitive and affective skills. In the control condition, participants were given 2 simulation-based laboratory instructional sessions and then assessed on cognitive (problem representation and solution generation) and affective learning (perceived self-efficacy) outcomes. In the comparison condition, participants engaged in debriefing sessions after each of the 2 simulation-based laboratory instructional sessions. For the cognitive outcomes, participants were assessed using the Think-Aloud Standardized Patient Examination instrument, which measured problem representation and solution generation. Acute care confidence survey was used to measure perceived self-efficacy. Results. The study found statistically significant gaps in early-stage measures of cognitive problem representation, but no difference was found in solution generation or perceived self-efficacy measures. Conclusion. This study reinforces the importance of debriefing in simulation-based education. Specifically, this study suggests that cognitive learning outcomes are variable during the problem-solving process, but affective learning outcomes are more fixed and may need more targeted debriefing.

Collaboration is one of the essential 21st-century skills and can have an impact on learning outcomes. The application of PBL is expected to train collaboration and improve students' cognitive learning outcomes. The research aimed to discover the increase in collaboration and cognitive biology learning outcomes of students using PBL through Lesson Study. This type of research uses classroom-based action research. The research subjects were students at SMA Negeri 3 Jember class X5, the academic year 2022/2023, totaling 35 students. The implementation phase of classroom-based action research is carried out through Lesson Study. The results show that applying PBL through Lesson Study can improve collaboration and students' cognitive biology learning outcomes. Increased student collaboration is evidenced by an average score of 64 (cycle 1), 75 (cycle 2), and 92 (cycle 3), while student cognitive learning outcomes are evidenced by an average value of 71 (cycle 1), 78 (cycle 2), and 86 (cycle 3). The findings of this study can be a solution for educators to apply PBL through Lesson Study as an alternative to improve collaboration and students' cognitive biology learning outcomes.

This study aims to describe the effect of the Bamboo Dancing learning model assisted by Wordwall media on the cognitive learning outcomes of fifth-grade students. This research employed a quantitative experimental method with a quasi-experimental design. The population consisted of all fifth-grade students, totaling 42 students, and the sample was determined using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected using test and non-test techniques. The test instrument was an essay-type cognitive learning outcome test consisting of five questions on the “food chain” topic, while the non-test instrument was a student activity observation sheet. Data were analyzed using the independent sample t-test, effect size calculation, and percentage of student activity. The results showed that: (1) there was a significant difference in students’ cognitive learning outcomes between the class using the Bamboo Dancing model assisted by Wordwall and the class using direct instruction, with a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.002 < 0.05; (2) the Bamboo Dancing model assisted by Wordwall had a strong effect on students’ cognitive learning outcomes, with an effect size of 1.035 (high category); and (3) student activity during learning reached 82.14%, categorized as very active. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Bamboo Dancing model assisted by Wordwall positively influences students’ cognitive science learning outcomes in fifth grade.

This study aims to determine the application and influence of the conservation-based Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) learning model in science learning on student learning outcomes. Quantitative research here uses a quasy experimental design research method. The experimental class was treated using the conservation-based CTL learning model, and the control class using the CTL learning model. The research subjects were 45 grade 5 students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ma’arif 1 Wadas. Data were collected through observation, tests, and documentation. This conservation-based CTL learning model is very effective in improving student learning outcomes in science subjects, as evidenced by students’ cognitive learning outcomes that increase and students’ affective learning outcomes also increase; for example, students become more concerned about the school environment. The calculated results of this study, namely, there is an effect of conservation-based CTL models on cognitive learning outcomes calculated with a significant level of α = 0.5, resulting in a count value of 2.354 greater than the t table 2.079 and completeness of 78%. There is an effect of conservation-based CTL models on affective learning outcomes, which is evidenced by the changing attitudes of students who become better towards the environment with a significant level of α = 0.5 count value of 2.235 greater than the t table 2.079. The conservation-based CTL model has a better effect on improving science learning outcomes than the CTL learning model. Thus, the CTL model is more effective in improving science subjects’ cognitive and affective learning outcomes. Elementary school teachers in the future can apply the conservation-based CTL model to all subjects or integrate it into appropriate issues so that student learning outcomes in cognitive and affective aspects, especially in caring for the environment, increase for further research further emphasize the conservation-based CTL learning model.

Science learning is often associated with difficult topic to understand, lecture-dominated instructions, and low participation rate in classroom learning. Similar situation is observed at a secondary school in West Sumatra province, Indonesia. The observation also revealed that students’ cognitive learning outcomes is still under the minimum passing criteria for the topic of the earth's layer. To the citizen of an area that is in high-risk of natural disaster occurrence, sound understanding on the topic is crucial. Since science lesson is designed to develop students’ thinking and problem-solving ability, such understanding is important regarding students’ survival rate. If this situation remains unaddressed, it is concerning that achieving the goals of science lesson, especially related to the topic of Earth’s layer, will be constrained. Therefore, this study offers a solution by implementing the Cooperative Learning Index Card Match (CL-ICM) to see its impact on students’ cognitive learning outcomes. This quasi-experimental research used non-equivalent control group design andh purposive sampling technique to select 67 seventh graders from two classes as experiment and control group. A set of 20 multiple-choice questions was validated and tested for reliability as research instruments to measure students’ learning outcomes. Data was then analyzed with parametric statistics technique followed by hypothesis testing using independent sample t-test. The result of data analysis gave the sig. of 0.091, which led us to decide that the null hypothesis is accepted and research hypothesis (Ha) is rejected. Therefore, it can be summarized that the implementation of CL-ICM does not give significant impact on students’ cognitive learning outcomes on the topic of the earth's layer.

The combination of learning in the 21st century related to soft skills is the Resource-Brain Based Learning model which is a combination of Resource-Based Learning and Brain-Based Learning models. They are learning strategies adapted to learning resources and brain work systems that are already naturally programmed to learn. This study aims to see the effect of the Resource-Brain Based Learning model on students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor thinking learning outcomes on environmental pollution material for class VII in SMP Negeri 20 Central Maluku and SMP Negeri 13 Central Maluku. Research data were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive and inferential statistics in the form of ANCOVA analysis to see the effect of the Resource-Brain Based Learning model on students' cognitive learning outcomes and ANOVA analysis for ANOVA on students' metacognitive outcomes and social attitudes. The results showed that there was an influence of the Resource-Brain Based Learning model on cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning outcomes.

PjBL-HOTS is a learning that emphasizes contextual learning which is implemented through project activities in this project learning is carried out on a hots basis so that students can think more critically, creatively and actively in constructing learning and be able to solve problems in everyday life. This study aims to determine the effect of the PjBL-HOTS learning model on students' cognitive and metacognitive learning outcomes. This research was conducted at SMAN 5 Central Maluku on April 28 to May 28, 2021, which is located in Tulehu village. The method used is a quasi-experimental design. Based on the LSD further test, it shows that PjBLHOTS learning can affect students' cognitive learning outcomes as evidenced by the increase in cognitive and metacognitive learning outcomes with the average difference between the pretest and posttest cognitive results, which is -23.08571 and the average metacognitive value, which is 16.18081. learning that is done without a project. The results of this study indicate that the use of the PjBL-HOTS learning model can affect students' cognitive and metacognitive learning outcomes.

Cognitive learning outcomes are important basic skills that students must master. Science learning must be designed so that it can optimally provide students with the cognitive dimension. The importance of cognitive learning outcomes is in contrast to conditions in the field. Students' cognitive abilities in science learning are still low, especially at levels C2, C3 and C4. Observation results at Ihsanul Fikri Mungkid IT Middle School show that students' cognitive learning outcomes are still below the specified average, namely 78. The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of learning using the Argument Driven Inquiry model in improving junior high school students' cognitive learning outcomes. This research uses a quantitative approach of the Quasi Experiment type, data analysis is carried out using the Mann Whitney test, N-Gain test, and effect size test. The research results show that the Argument Driven Inquiry (ADI) learning model is effective in improving the cognitive learning outcomes of junior high school students with an N-Gain of 0,7444, which is in the high category.

The purpose of this study was to discover the existence of cognitive and affective learning outcomes of students using Project Based Learning (PBL) - based STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) with scientific learning with inquiry learning models. The type of research was a quasi experimental design. Data were collected by means of test analysis, observation, interviews, and documentation from all fifth grade students of primary school. Data analysis used t-test technique. To discover the effect of PBL-based STEAM approach on cognitive learning outcomes obtained from the pretest-posttest results, while affective learning outcomes were obtained through observation using the measurement data scale in the rubric.The results showed that there were significant differences between the experimental class and the control class on cognitive learning outcomes, however, there were differences in affective learning outcomes. It is expected to strengthen the results of the discussion in the long term to strengthen cognitive and affective learning outcomes.