Science and technology policy and corporate financing: evidence from China’s national industrial technology innovation strategic alliance

This paper introduces Meta-synthesis Engineering considering the complexity of the risk of alliance and its identification, it conduct an empirical analysis of the risk factors in industrial technology innovation strategic alliance, taking a new energy industrial alliance as example. It shows that there are 24 risk factors in the running of industrial technology innovation strategic alliance, such as economic fluctuation, opportunistic behavior and intellectual reveal, and all the factors can be divided into 6 categories, such as market, cooperative relation and intellectual property.

Industry technology innovation strategic alliance as one of the important carriers of national technical innovation project to promote industrial technology innovation and enhance the core competitiveness of the industry plays an important role. At present, in the nationwide gradually carried out the pilot work, aiming at the current lack of appropriate monitoring and evaluation system, this paper from the industry technology innovation strategic alliance's connotation and characteristics, considers the main influence factors, screens the suitable evaluation index, combines with the evaluation principle, through the qualitative and quantitative analysis, and builds a set of evaluation index system. At last, summaries the present situation of the industry technology innovation strategic alliance's construction and development, and proposes the next research direction and plan.

This paper introduces the industry technology innovation alliance's concept and the characteristic, elaborated the enterprise alliance form, the research situation at home and abroad and the industrial technological innovation strategic alliance model, discussed the status of current technology innovation in strategic alliance in domestic industry and the existing problems, and from the government, enterprises, universities and research institutions and alliances on four dimensions of industry technology innovation strategic alliance to train the development of thought and countermeasure.

The industrial technology innovation strategic alliance is a middle organization made up of two or more technological innovation organizations to enhance their technology innovation ability and competitiveness through mutual support and cooperation in the industry. The common and consistent goal of the alliance is the industry technology advancement. The research on the alliance stability always is one of emphasis research problems which theory researchers and practitioners pay special attention to. In this paper, the author divides the knowledge input into the independent technology innovation knowledge input and the union technology innovation knowledge input from the perspective of the knowledge transfer, and establishes the member benefit function model based on knowledge transfer. On this basis, this paper probes into the alliance stability condition, which will helpful to solve the alliance instability. These research results may provide the theoretical basis and reference value for these enterprises which will prepare to establish or already establish the alliance and seek further development.

Benefits distribution of industrial technology innovation strategic alliances is one of the key factors affect its stable operation. This paper first presents a benefits distribution model based on the member’s investment of resources, and then introduces the risk factor to revise the model. Members who share higher risk will get more risk compensation. The purpose of the model is trying to build a more equitable mechanism of benefits distribution. On the basis of the theoretical research, the paper also gives the results of empirical analysis.

Conflict is the key factor to affect investment and benefits of the industry technologies and innovation strategic alliance. This paper constructs an investment decision model of industry technology innovation strategic alliance by discussing the influence of the conflict on the alliance generic technology investment and the impact of member benefits. The results suggest that maximize revenue optimization of alliance generic technology investment and members can be realized through a investment portfolio of alliance members. Moderate conflict would promote alliance innovation performa nce effectively.

Choosing proper partners is the key to the success of the alliance. Based on the analysis of the characters of the Industrial Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, a new kind of cooperative organization occurred in China in recent years. The problem of “adverse selection” at the stage of the its establishment is discussed in this paper. The game model is built based on motivation theory and the principle-agent theory and then proved by examples. The conclusions can be got from the model. By setting the ranges of funds, preferential policy, and sharable profits and designing membership rules, the organizer of the Industrial Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance can motivate the risk neutral applicant to reveal his real capacity and the one with higher capacity to participate intothe alliance more actively and even can set capacity threshold for applicants implicitly.

Interregional technology convergence is one of the necessary conditions for the coordinated development of regional economy, and constructing cross-regional industry technology innovation strategic alliance (ITISA) is one of the main means to realize interregional technology convergence. This paper investigates whether the establishment of these alliances can improve the technological innovation ability of ITISA and its members and how ITISA and its members are distributed geographically across China. This research finds that the establishment of ITISA is conducive to the increase of the number of patent applications and the improvement of the technological innovation ability of the alliance and its members. However, due to the over-concentration of alliance members in China’s eastern region and the low region coverage ratio of the single alliance, the role of the establishment of ITISA in promoting interregional technology convergence is limited.

In the ceramic industry regional industry, it needs to be centrally advantage to the formation of industry alliances, promoting the development of ceramic industry technology innovation strategic alliance. The development of ceramic industry science and technology as well as the financial market as the guide and the positive feedback system theory as a foundation, to analyze the science and technology strategy and the financial market are combined with positive feedback mechanism, and the customer as a benchmark to establish the model of positive feedback mechanisms of the ceramic industry technology and financial markets. Through the model establishment and analysis, they own positive feedback relationship of technology products and financial market. The final is shown that the change of ceramic industrial technology products status as well as the financial market structure is a quantitative change to cause the whole process of the qualitative change of which the most important is the financial system’s transition. Therefore, the relationship between science technology and financial is influence, promote each other, etc.

Engaging with Science Policy as a Grad Student

Kim and Lee (2015) presume that the difference of government science and technology policies between East Asian and Latin American countries is attributed to the contrasted patterns of economic performance between the two regions, that is the Asian miracle versus the middle income trap in Latin American countries. It is shown that a relatively greater performance in scientific output, measured by Science Citation Index journal intensity, is found in Latin American countries, but that this does not lead to higher technological output as measured by patents and industrial research and development compared with East Asian countries. Kim and Lee (2015) provide detailed information on the science, technology, and innovation policies of the two regions (focusing on Korea and Mexico), and explain the difference in the scientific and technological performance of the two regions. That is, public support for scientific activities is strong, but policies promoting the innovation capability of indigenous firms are relatively weak in Latin American countries, while public research institutions, such as the Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in Korea, play a significant role in enhancing the technological capacity of the private sector in East Asian countries. Finally, Kim and Lee (2015) empirically investigate the role of scientific and technological knowledge in economic growth by using a panel dataset of 58 countries. Uncovering the source of economic growth empirically is a subject attracting a large number of scholars. As well as regular factor inputs, such as physical and human capital (including the quality of these factors), various factors related to political, legal, and economic institutions, such as the degree of legal enforcement, political stability, and financial market development, are shown to be explanatory variables of the economic growth of nations. However, the economic growth rate of East Asian countries is found to be significantly higher than the other countries, even after controlling for these factors (Barro & Sala-i-Martin, 2003). Kim and Lee (2015) is highly valuable in the sense of shedding new light on the issue of the East Asian model of economic growth from the perspective of national innovation systems. Their main argument is that universities and public research institutes play an important role in the technological catching up of domestic firms to their competitors in developed countries. In Japan, the Agency for Industrial Science and Technology, affiliated with the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), is one of the government agencies playing a key role in the industrial technology development in electronics, machinery, and chemical industries. In addition, the public research institute can be a body to spin out its industrial innovation in Taiwan and China as well. Adding them to the example of Korea, such as KAIST in Kim and Lee (2015), I would agree with the authors' argument. In fact, this paper is a great contribution by creating a new horizon of academic research on the Asian economic model. However, it opens up a substantial number of questions at the same time. First, the role of government policy in technological catching up in East Asian countries is still under discussion. For example, in Japan, there are mixed towards the role of METI's industrial policy in economic development (pros by Johnson, 1983; cons by Friedman, 1988). The anti-industrial policy school stresses the ability of Japanese firms to cope with stiff market competition by assimilating foreign technologies effectively. Without firms' capacity for absorbing technology, their rapid catching up to their Western competitors could not have happened. Second, technological innovation does matter for manufacturing competitiveness, while the share of manufacturing outputs goes down to less than 30% in Japan and Korea. It is true that manufacturing competitiveness explains export-led economic growth in East Asian countries, but in Kim and Lee (2015) there is still a missing link on how technological development in the manufacturing sector contributes to overall economic growth. Finally, a more relevant question to be posed for us is how the “Asian model” copes with the globalization era in the 21st century. Since Japan and Korea have developed to become Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries, the question is not how they catch up to the front-runners, but how they shift out their frontier curve as front-runners. Of course, this question is outside the scope of Kim and Lee (2015), but it would be nice if any implications for the future of East Asian economy could be drawn out of their paper. I would argue that it will be difficult to deal with the “science-based economy” in the 21st century using the current “Asian model” based on manufacturing.

Based on the literature review and induction of resource-based theory, enterprise ability theory, social network theory and other related theories, the study analyzes the impact of enterprise resource integration capability on knowledge sharing. Through 3 typical case studies on the operation mechanism of technology innovation strategic alliance, we found: (1) Enterprise resource integration capability has positive impact on knowledge sharing. (2) Alliance Network has an influence on Knowledge Sharing, and the degree of influence of centrality and intensity on Knowledge Sharing is also different in alliance network. The above research has further expanded the research connotation of industrial alliance, and also has certain practical significance to the practice of industrial alliance in China.

University-industry cross-organizational knowledge integration are emerging in China, and the industrial technology research institute is one of the typical knowledge integration organization. In order to effectively break through the barriers between the different innovation subjects and to form an effective connection channel among basic research, application research and development and promotion of the market; this paper is based on the overall perspective of university-industry cross-organizational knowledge integration. To design a model framework of university-industry cross-organizational knowledge integration, which can integrate the tacit knowledge and coding knowledge among the academia, science and technology service, industry, finance and government . On the basis, it analyses the relationship between the scale-free network and university-industry cross-organizational knowledge integration network. According to the characteristics of technology R&D network, it constructs the optimization evolution model of scale-free network, and analyses the dynamic characteristics. The constructed model is applied to the Jiangsu province rail transit industry technology innovation strategic alliance technology R&D network evolution. The results of the study show that the evolution of technology R&D network obeys the power-law distributions.

Science, Technology, and Foreign Policy

PurposeScience and technology policy plays an important role in promoting the development of economic and social development in China. At present, the research on science and technology policy is mainly focused on the basic theories and some quantitative research. The analyses for contents of massive science and technology policies are relatively less. This paper makes use of semantic technologies to extract and analyze the relatively important information from massive science and technology policies. The purpose of this paper is to facilitate users to quickly and effectively obtain valuable information from the massive science and technology policies. The key methods and study results are presented in the paper. The study results can provide references for further study and application in China.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presented the analysis model and method for science and technology policy in China. The terms and sentences are the important information in the science and technology policy. The study adopted the technology of natural language processing to analyze the linguistics characteristics of terms and combined with statistical analyses to extract the terms from Chinese science and technology policy. Then, the authors designed an algorithm, calculated and analyzed the important sentences in Chinese science and technology policies. The experiments were run on the Java test platform.FindingsThis paper put forward the analysis model and method for science and technology policy in China. The study obtained the following conclusions: term extraction of science and technology policy: the paper analyzed characteristic of terms in Chinese science and technology policy and designed a method of extracting a term that was suitable for the science and technology policy. The calculation of important sentences for science and technology policy: the paper designed an algorithm and calculated the importance of the sentences to obtain valuable information from the massive science and technology policies.Research limitations/implicationsIn our methods, there are some defects to be improved or solved in the future. For example, the precision of algorithm needs to be improved. The significance of this paper is to propose and use the analysis model to process Chinese science and technology policy; we can provide an auxiliary tool to help policy beneficiaries. Enterprises and individuals can be more effective to extraction and mining information from massive science and technology policy and find the target policy.Practical implicationsTo verify the effectiveness of the method, the paper selected the real policies about the new energy vehicles as experimental data; at the same time, the paper added uncorrelated policies. It used the proposed analysis model of science and technology policy to calculate and find out the relatively important sentences. The results of study showed that the proposed method can obtain better performance. It verified the validity of this method. The model and method have been applied to actual retrieval system.Social implicationsThe proposed model and method in the paper have been applied to actual retrieval system for users.Originality/valueThe paper proposed the new analysis model and method to analyze science and technology policies in China. The presented model and method are a new attempt. According to the experimental results, this exploration and study are valuable. In addition, the idea and method will give a good start for improving information services of massive science and technology policies in China.