School Experiences in the Disease Management of Children With Celiac Disease: A Qualitative Study.

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine in depth the disease management experiences of school-age children with celiac disease and the effects of family, friends, and teachers on disease management at school. The study employed a qualitative research method using the phenomenology design. Face-to-face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with children (n = 14) with celiac disease. The transcripts were analysed using a phenomenological approach and an inductive process. Three main themes were identified: Individual, Institutional, and Environmental. It was observed that children adapted better to the celiac diet as they got older, but they had difficulty adjusting to the diet in the school environment. In addition, it was found that school-age children had challenges in diagnosing the disease and finding products suitable for the diet in a rural city with limited facilities. It was determined that the approaches of peers and teachers throughout the child's school life affected the disease management levels of children. The study reveals the emotional, cognitive, and behavioural difficulties that children face while adapting to celiac disease and diet, especially in the school environment. The results emphasize that school-age children with celiac disease should not be ignored and that the school nurse plays an essential role in this process.