Abstract
Interaction between a probe electron beam and longitudinal electromagnetic oscillations of the Fermi plasma in metals (plasmons) is investigated by the methods of quantum electrodynamics. The quantum description of plasmons allows one to construct a consistent theory of the scattering process and point out the applicability limits of the existing semiclassical theories. The quantum description of plasmons leads to the concept of electromagnetic vacuum of longitudinal waves, which is the subject of the present study. The vacuum of longitudinal waves significantly deforms the shape of plasma dielectric permittivity, thus leading to the broadening of Langmuir peaks of scattered electrons, which has so far resisted theoretical analysis. The presence of the electromagnetic vacuum of longitudinal plasma waves has a considerable effect on the integral scattering probability of electrons by plasmons.
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