Abstract
In addition to its fundamental function as a genetic code carrier, the utilization of DNA in various material applications has been actively explored over the past several decades. DNA is intrinsically an excellent type of self-assembly nanomaterial owing to its predictable base-pairing, high chemical stability and the convenience it possesses for synthesis and modification. Because of these unparalleled properties, DNA is widely used as excellent recognition elements in biosensors and as unique building blocks in nanodevices. A critical challenge in surface-based DNA biosensors lies in the reduced accessibility of target molecules to the DNA probes arranged on heterogeneous surfaces, especially when compared to probe–target recognition in homogeneous solutions. To improve the recognition abilities of these heterogeneous surface-confined DNA probes, much effort has been devoted to controlling the surface chemistry, conformation and packing density of the probe molecules, as well as the size and geometry of the surface. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent progress on the improvement of the probe–target recognition properties by introducing DNA nanostructure scaffolds. A range of new strategies have proven to provide a significantly enhanced range in the spatial positioning and the accessibility of the probes to the surface over previously reported linear structures. We will also describe the applications of DNA nanostructure scaffold-based biosensors.
Highlights
Detection of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) is an integral step in many applications, including in clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring and antibioterrorism.[1]
We aim to summarize the recent progress on the improvement of the probe– target recognition properties by introducing DNA nanostructure scaffolds
We aim to summarize the recent advances in this field, in the evolution of using DNA probes from one-dimensional (1D) to twodimensional (2D) and to three-dimensional (3D) probes (Figure 1), as well as the application of these probes in developing DNA biosensors
Summary
Hao Pei[1,2], Xiaolei Zuo[1,2], Dun Pan[1,2], Jiye Shi[1,2,3], Qing Huang[1,2] and Chunhai Fan[1,2]. DNA is intrinsically an excellent type of self-assembly nanomaterial owing to its predictable base-pairing, high chemical stability and the convenience it possesses for synthesis and modification. Because of these unparalleled properties, DNA is widely used as excellent recognition elements in biosensors and as unique building blocks in nanodevices. A critical challenge in surface-based DNA biosensors lies in the reduced accessibility of target molecules to the DNA probes arranged on heterogeneous surfaces, especially when compared to probe–target recognition in homogeneous solutions. We aim to summarize the recent progress on the improvement of the probe– target recognition properties by introducing DNA nanostructure scaffolds. We will describe the applications of DNA nanostructure scaffold-based biosensors. NPG Asia Materials (2013) 5, e51; doi:10.1038/am.2013.22; published online 14 June 2013
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