Abstract
The carwash is known as one of the most important urban services that brings about the production of huge volume of wastewater with high turbidity and high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Seasonal and carwash location features affect the quality of carwash wastewater. Various methods with special focus on chemical processes have been employed for carwash wastewater treatment and eliminating different pollutants from this wastewater of great concern for the environment. This review was conducted for identifying and comparing the efficiency of chemical processes for carwash wastewater treatment. To this aim, key words were identified and a search protocol was defined to search studies in three databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The results of this systematic review indicated that coagulation (66%) is the most common chemical processes for carwash wastewater treatment. Although chemical processes are able to reduce the turbidity and COD over 80%. Due to the characteristics of carwash wastewater, chemical processes are a necessary pretreatment for processes such as membrane technology. Rapid treatment and high efficiency are the advantages of wastewater treatment by chemical methods, but the energy consumption and sludge volume are two main factors in selection the chemical processes for carwash wastewater treatment.
Highlights
Millions of motor vehicles are registered all over the world; there is a need for these to be frequently washed by commercial car wash services
The use of iron and aluminum electrodes in the electrocoagulation process for carwash wastewater (CWW) treatment was investigated in many studies (Panizza & Cerisola 2010a; Chu et al 2012; El-Ashtoukhy et al 2015; Gönder et al 2017) and the results indicated that the efficiency of this process depends mainly upon the conditions of operation and the characteristics of the electrolyte (El-Ashtoukhy et al 2015; Gönder et al 2017)
Given the importance of suspended solids and turbidity in carwash wastewater, the coagulation process was the predominant chemical processes employed in the studies (65%) for carwash wastewater treatment
Summary
Millions of motor vehicles are registered all over the world; there is a need for these to be frequently washed by commercial car wash services. Carwash wastewater contains a significant concentration of different pollutants such as surfactants, phosphorus, nitrogen, solids, organic matter, and oil contents (Bhatti et al 2011; El-Ashtoukhy et al 2015; Rodriguez Boluarte et al 2016; Gönder et al 2017; Magnago et al 2018; Moazzem et al 2018; Monney et al 2019). Different qualities have been reported for CWW (Han et al 2018; Magnago et al 2018), which can be as a result of the impact of the carwash location and the type of vehicle being washed (Al-Gheethi et al 2016). CWW in rural areas can be more turbid than urban
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
