Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic calls for coordinated efforts by the scientific community for the development of vaccines. The most advanced strategies have focused on modifications of technologies that were already under development for other viruses, such as SARS, MERS, and even Influenza. Classic and new technologies, such as inactivated and attenuated viruses (non-replicative and replicative), DNA and mRNA vaccines, and nanoparticles containing SARS-CoV-2 antigens, are some of the strategies currently investigated. Although there is a very high expectation for the effectiveness of the most advanced vaccine candidates, there are still no established correlates of protection. Previous experience in vaccine development for other pathogens shows that differences in vaccine formulation can result in diverse immune responses and consequently, different protective properties. Therefore the importance of continuing investigations on a broad range of strategies. Expertise in vaccine development in Brazil was refocused to the new coronavirus. Impressive collaboration between institutions will support further developments until we have available a safe, effective, and economically viable vaccine. Established competence and collaborations will allow preparedness for future challenges and can also be used to address local issues as neglected infectious diseases.
Highlights
Vaccination is one of the most important human achievements in biomedical sciences
Other initiatives using subunit vaccines are in phase I/II clinical trials and are conducted by Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical vaccine, which uses a dimer composed by two receptor-binding domain (RBD) domains (RBD-SC-dimer) (Dai et al, 2020), Kentucky Bioprocessing (KBP-201), Sanofi Pasteur / Gardasil (Merck) and Cervarix (GSK) and Biological E Ltd (BECOV)
Every day new studies pave the way for novel vaccine approaches for SARS-CoV-2
Summary
Vaccination is one of the most important human achievements in biomedical sciences. It has successfully reduced the burden of infectious diseases worldwide. Other clinical trials using inactivated vaccine candidates are being conducted by the Wuhan Institute/Sinopharm and Bharat Biotech which are all in phase III. Another adenovirus-based vaccine candidate, Ad5nCov (CanSino Biological), induced both humoral and cellular immune responses after 3 doses in a preliminary human trial.
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