Abstract
The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) recently published an updated version (EWGSOP2). We aimed to compare the predictive values of EWGSOP-defined and EWGSOP2-defined sarcopenia for the incidence of falls and hospitalization in older adults. We defined sarcopenia according to the EWGSOP and the EWGSOP2. We further modified the cut-off points of the EWGSOP and EWGSOP2 according to the lowest quintile values of the gender-specific distribution of our study population, named “modified EWGSOP” and “modified EWGSOP2”, respectively. We included 384 participants. During the follow-up, 98 participants (26.5%) and 51 participants (13.8%) had at least one fall or hospitalization, respectively. EWGSOP2-defined sarcopenia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22–1.84) and modified EWGSOP2-defined sarcopenia (HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.23–3.55) were significantly associated with an increased incidence of falls, respectively. EWGSOP-defined sarcopenia and modified EWGSOP-defined sarcopenia also have a trend to be associated with the incidence of falls, but the results were not statistically significant. Only modified EWGSOP2-defined sarcopenia (HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.01–4.27) was significantly related to an increased incidence of hospitalization. In conclusion, EWGSOP2-defined sarcopenia performed more sensitive than EWGSOP-defined sarcopenia for predicting the incidence of falls or hospitalization, especially when using the modified cutoffs.
Highlights
Sarcopenia refers to the loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and muscle function[1]
According to the EWGSOP2, sarcopenia is defined only based on low SMM and low muscle strength, whereas low physical performance is no longer a component of sarcopenia but an option to determine the severity of sarcopenia[10]
Our study demonstrated that EWGSOP2-defined sarcopenia appears to be more sensitive than EWGSOP-defined sarcopenia for predicting the incidence of falls in community-dwelling older adults
Summary
Sarcopenia refers to the loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and muscle function[1]. Sarcopenia is traditionally treated as a geriatric syndrome[1], but it has recently been recognized as a disease because it has gained an International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) code (ICD-10-CM M62.84) since 20162. The EWGSOP guideline has been cited in 3,484 papers (including 2,597 original articles) in the Web of Science database. Among these original articles, 851 were conducted in East Asia, including China. According to the EWGSOP, sarcopenia is defined by low SMM and low muscle strength (such as handgrip strength, HS), and/or low physical performance (such as gait speed, GS)[7]. According to the EWGSOP2, sarcopenia is defined only based on low SMM and low muscle strength, whereas low physical performance (such as GS) is no longer a component of sarcopenia but an option to determine the severity of sarcopenia[10]. We conducted a prospective study to compare the predictive values of EWGSOP-defined and EWGSOP2-defined sarcopenia for the incidence of falls and hospitalization in community-dwelling older adults
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