Abstract
BackgroundThe evidence of sarcopenia based on CT-scan as an important prognostic factor for critically ill patients has not seen consistent results. To determine the impact of sarcopenia on mortality in critically ill patients, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the association between sarcopenia and mortality.MethodsWe searched studies from the literature of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from database inception to June 15, 2020. All observational studies exploring the relationship between sarcopenia based on CT-scan and mortality in critically ill patients were included. The search and data analysis were independently conducted by two investigators. A meta-analysis was performed using STATA Version 14.0 software using a fixed-effects model.ResultsFourteen studies with a total of 3,249 participants were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of sarcopenia among critically ill patients was 41 % (95 % CI:33-49 %). Critically ill patients with sarcopenia in the intensive care unit have an increased risk of mortality compared to critically ill patients without sarcopenia (OR = 2.28, 95 %CI: 1.83–2.83; P < 0.001; I2 = 22.1 %). In addition, a subgroup analysis found that sarcopenia was associated with high risk of mortality when defining sarcopenia by total psoas muscle area (TPA, OR = 3.12,95 %CI:1.71–5.70), skeletal muscle index (SMI, OR = 2.16,95 %CI:1.60–2.90), skeletal muscle area (SMA, OR = 2.29, 95 %CI:1.37–3.83), and masseter muscle(OR = 2.08, 95 %CI:1.15–3.77). Furthermore, critically ill patients with sarcopenia have an increased risk of mortality regardless of mortality types such as in-hospital mortality (OR = 1.99, 95 %CI:1.45–2.73), 30-day mortality(OR = 2.08, 95 %CI:1.36–3.19), and 1-year mortality (OR = 3.23, 95 %CI:2.08 -5.00).ConclusionsSarcopenia increases the risk of mortality in critical illness. Identifying the risk factors of sarcopenia should be routine in clinical assessments and offering corresponding interventions may help medical staff achieve good patient outcomes in ICU departments.
Highlights
The evidence of sarcopenia based on Computed tomography (CT)-scan as an important prognostic factor for critically ill patients has not seen consistent results
Four studies were excluded for not reporting the association between sarcopenia and mortality, as they only provided the association between skeletal muscle index (SMI) as a continuous variable and mortality [29,30,31,32]
Our results showed that critically ill patients with sarcopenia had an increased risk of mortality, compared with non-sarcopenic patients, when using SMI to define sarcopenia (OR = 2.16, 95 %CI:1.60–2.90, I2 = 22.9 %)
Summary
The evidence of sarcopenia based on CT-scan as an important prognostic factor for critically ill patients has not seen consistent results. Ill patients in intensive care units often suffered from multiple organ dysfunction, which increased the risk of mortality. Numerous scoring systems have been developed to predict clinical outcomes in critical illness, such as Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) [5], systemic inflammatory response syndrome [6], and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation APACHE-II [7]. These scoring systems have shown relatively poor predictable performance. Further studies are required to investigate more precise parameters in order to better predict poor clinical outcomes
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