Saponin and Immune Stimulant Based Gargles and Nasal Rinses: A Potential Virucidal for Preventive Management of SARS-CoV-2 Infection?

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major threat worldwide. Since it is a contagious disease and there are no established treatment procedures, the situation demands stronger preventive measures. Thus, an effective and reliable prevention method is important. The use of gargles and nasal rinses are well-known ancient Ayurvedic procedures that have been an effective weapon against many infections related to the throat and nasal path. Thus, their role in preventive management of COVID-19 should be investigated. Soaps and detergents are proven to be very effective in destroying the virus outside the body, but can this be useful in the throat? Most of the virus passes to the lungs via the throat and nasal route, so inactivation or flushing out of the virus from the throat and nasal path itself may prevent its entry to the lungs. The use of gargles and nasal rinses consisting of saponins as natural surfactants may provide antiviral action. The virus is said to remain in the throat for 3 to 4 days. Gargling allows these natural surfactants to come directly into contact with the adhering virus in the throat, thereby flushing out or inactivating the virus. Many studies have shown that constituents like glycyrrhizin (liquorice), curcumin (turmeric) and methylglyoxal (manuka honey) etc. have potential activity against life threatening viruses. Thus, a medicated gargle and nasal rinse incorporating these natural surfactants along with potential antiviral drugs may be able to exert an acceptable result in preventive management of SARS-CoV-2.