Abstract

Santorini Volcano is an outstanding natural laboratory for studying arc volcanism, having had twelve Plinian eruptions over the last 350,000 years, at least four of which caused caldera collapse. Periods between Plinian eruptions are characterized by intra-caldera edifice construction and lower intensity explosive activity. The Plinian eruptions are fed from magma reservoirs at 4–8 km depth that are assembled over several centuries prior to eruption by the arrival of high-flux magma pulses from deeper in the sub-caldera reservoir. Unrest in 2011–2012 involved intrusion of two magma pulses at about 4 km depth, suggesting that the behaviour of the modern-day volcano is similar to the behaviour of the volcano prior to Plinian eruptions. Emerging understanding of Santorini's plumbing system will enable better risk mitigation at this highly hazardous volcano.

Highlights

  • The volcanoes of the South Aegean Volcanic Arc pose an important hazard to the Eastern Mediterranean via ash fallout, pyroclastic flows and tsunamis (Jenkins et al 2015)

  • This is especially so for Santorini Volcano (FIG. 1A), which has had a long history of explosive volcanism (Druitt et al 1999)

  • The archipelago consists of three outer islands (FIG. 1C) that predate the Late Bronze Age (LBA; called the “Minoan”, at ~3,600 BP) eruption, and two inner ones that post-date the LBA eruption

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Summary

Introduction

The volcanoes of the South Aegean Volcanic Arc pose an important hazard to the Eastern Mediterranean via ash fallout, pyroclastic flows and tsunamis (Jenkins et al 2015). Studies of laboratory phase equilibria experimentation on Santorini magmas, volatile contents of crystal-hosted melt inclusions, and mineral–melt equilibria have enabled reconstruction of the sub-caldera plumbing system (Cadoux et al 2014; Andújar et al 2015, 2016).

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