3- https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009047661.008
Sanctuary City, Solidarity City, and Inclusive City (Yet to Come)
Translate Article 
Living in limbo, existing under the radar, working under the table, watching over your shoulder, fearing encounters, avoiding arrest, not having access, circumventing services, wrestling precarity, deferring dreams, not being able to stay nor return, having no home nobody chooses to live without status. Yet, each of these uncertainties become an act of resisting and disrupting the pain of personal experiences and the violence of global geopolitical and economic forces rendering people without status. Since 2020, uncertainties have been exacerbated by the global COVID-19 pandemic. Beyond fears of detention and deportation by the state, the upsurge of white supremacy movements, right-wing nationalisms, and state violence against Black and other racialized people further threatens the life and integrity of illegalized migrants. 1 Illegalized migrants experience and negotiate these uncertainties and risks 'in place,' in cities and suburbs, setting the conditions by which migrants are afforded a chance to live, work, play, and move in their everyday -in short, the conditions by which their lives are made livable. 2 As discussed throughout this book, in the past two decades, local jurisdictions have become central to migration law and politics, with urban policies incorporating a range of perspectives on the policing and 1 De Genova, "The 'Migrant Crisis' as Racial Crisis: Do Black Lives Matter in Europe?"; De Genova and Roy, "Practices of Illegalization."
- Preprint Article
- 10.32920/25193459.v1
- Feb 8, 2024
<p>The sanctuary city movement is intended to advocate for the basic rights of illegalized migrants, challenge federal immigration policies, and support accessible services for all residents of the city, striving to make sanctuary cities inclusive spaces. The success of inclusivity within sanctuary cities in Canada comes into question when exclusions exist for subgroups of illegalized migrants such as those who have committed crimes, do not have status, or are inhabitants of the city. Furthermore, cities that claim to be sanctuaries continue to marginalize other members of society such as people who identify as Black, Indigenous, or People of Colour (BIPOC). I argue that since Canada is a settler colonial state, the legacy of colonialism is fundamental to understanding the context in which sanctuary cities in Canada operate and how sanctuary city movements in Canada can move towards more inclusivity. Through a scoping literature review, I uncover how exclusion can be detrimental to allyship and conclude that advocates for illegalized migrants, must work to address deep-rooted colonial issues of racism and marginalization within Canadian cities.</p>
- Preprint Article
- 10.32920/25193459
- Feb 8, 2024
<p>The sanctuary city movement is intended to advocate for the basic rights of illegalized migrants, challenge federal immigration policies, and support accessible services for all residents of the city, striving to make sanctuary cities inclusive spaces. The success of inclusivity within sanctuary cities in Canada comes into question when exclusions exist for subgroups of illegalized migrants such as those who have committed crimes, do not have status, or are inhabitants of the city. Furthermore, cities that claim to be sanctuaries continue to marginalize other members of society such as people who identify as Black, Indigenous, or People of Colour (BIPOC). I argue that since Canada is a settler colonial state, the legacy of colonialism is fundamental to understanding the context in which sanctuary cities in Canada operate and how sanctuary city movements in Canada can move towards more inclusivity. Through a scoping literature review, I uncover how exclusion can be detrimental to allyship and conclude that advocates for illegalized migrants, must work to address deep-rooted colonial issues of racism and marginalization within Canadian cities.</p>
- Research Article
- 1
- 10.1111/anti.13111
- Nov 4, 2024
- Antipode
Non‐status people face a socio‐legal precariousness that contradicts the promises of an inclusive city. Marking Toronto's tenth anniversary of its “sanctuary city” policy, our research assesses the progress and potential of social planning and municipalist agendas to support irregularised residents. Drawing from interviews with service providers, city officials, and non‐status citizens in Toronto, we propose a decolonial politics of urban citizenship recognition we call “non‐status citizenship”. This concept addresses specific paradoxes related to irregularisation, access, jurisdiction, and regularisation. By framing our discussion around these paradoxes, we highlight the discomfort and transformative potential of non‐status citizenship for immigration regimes in sanctuary cities. We argue that recognising non‐status citizenship goes beyond notions of urban citizenship to claim formal recognition and security, which resolves the four paradoxes theoretically, politically, and practically. We also emphasise the role of cities in expanding service delivery and calling out the failure of planning across levels of government.
