Abstract
Salivary levels of uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, and amylase in smokers versus non-smokers
Highlights
Smoking is a hazardous habit with numerous adverse effects on oral health
Saliva is the first body fluid exposed to cigarette smoke, and is the firstline defense mechanism against oxidative stress.(5) The salivary antioxidant system plays an important role in its anti-carcinogenic property, and includes several enzymes and molecules such as uric acid (UA) and peroxidase system
Salivary levels of uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, UA, albumin, and ascorbic acid are the main antioxidants in the saliva.(6) Exposure of saliva to cigarette smoke has shown some changes in the salivary concentration of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), amylase, and UA both in vivo and in vitro; these factors are important antioxidants of the saliva.(7)UA is one of the most important non-enzymatic antioxidants.(2,5,6,8) it has been demonstrated that salivary enzymes such as amylase, acid phosphatase, and LDH are affected by the cigarette smoke.(2,4,9,10) Kanehira et al(1) reported that the salivary levels of thiocyanate and superoxide dismutase in smokers were higher than the corresponding values in non-smokers
Summary
Smoking is a hazardous habit with numerous adverse effects on oral health. It plays an important role in development of cancerous and precancerous lesions and periodontal disease. Cigarette smoke includes toxic compounds such as aldehydes, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, benzopyrene, and oxygen radicals. These components can cause systemic conditions such as cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Saliva is the first body fluid exposed to cigarette smoke, and is the firstline defense mechanism against oxidative stress.(5) The salivary antioxidant system plays an important role in its anti-carcinogenic property, and includes several enzymes and molecules such as uric acid (UA) and peroxidase system. This study aimed to assess the salivary levels of uric acid (UA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and amylase in smokers versus non-smokers. The salivary levels of amylase and LDH were 44509±38062 U/L and 420±244 IU/L in smokers and 47299±29659 U/L and 538±350 IU/L in non-smokers, respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: Despite the slightly higher level of salivary UA in smokers, the difference between smokers and non-smokers was not significant in any of the tested parameters
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