Abstract
BackgroundLow-grade systemic inflammation is a predictor of recurrent cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Plasma proteins such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) have been shown to reflect basal as well as stress-induced inflammation in CAD. Measurements of MMP-9 and MPO in saliva might pose several advantages. Therefore, we investigated whether salivary levels of MMP-9 and MPO corresponded to plasma levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), both at rest and after acute physical exercise.MethodsA bicycle ergometer test was used as a model for stress-induced inflammation. Twenty-three CAD patients performed the test on two occasions 3–6 months apart. Whole unstimulated saliva was collected before, directly after and 30 min after exercise while plasma was collected before and after 30 min. MMP-9 and MPO in saliva and plasma were determined by Luminex.ResultsMMP-9 and MPO levels were 2- to 4-fold higher in saliva than in plasma. Amongst the saliva samples, and also to a great extent amongst the plasma samples, the levels of both types of protein showed strong intercorrelations between the levels at rest and after exercise during the two visits. However, there were no (or weak) correlations between salivary and plasma MMP-9 and none between salivary and plasma MPO.ConclusionWe conclude that salivary diagnostics cannot be used to assess systemic levels of MMP-9 and MPO in CAD patients, neither at rest nor after acute physical exercise.
Highlights
We conclude that salivary diagnostics cannot be used to assess systemic levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MPO in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, neither at rest nor after acute physical exercise
Inflammation is an important component of atherosclerosis, from the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the arterial wall to plaque destabilization eventually leading to plaque rupture and atherothrombotic events, such as myocardial infarction [1]
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether salivary levels of MMP-9 and MPO corresponded to plasma levels in patients with CAD
Summary
Inflammation is an important component of atherosclerosis, from the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the arterial wall to plaque destabilization eventually leading to plaque rupture and atherothrombotic events, such as myocardial infarction [1]. A number of epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that neutrophil-associated proteins in plasma, such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and myeloperoxidase (MPO), predict cardiovascular outcome [3, 4] and relate to the extent and severity of atherosclerosis [5]. There is emerging evidence that subclinical elevations of inflammatory markers in peripheral blood should be considered in clinical praxis when assessing a patients risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. Low-grade systemic inflammation is a predictor of recurrent cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Plasma proteins such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) have been shown to reflect basal as well as stress-induced inflammation in CAD. We investigated whether salivary levels of MMP-9 and MPO corresponded to plasma levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), both at rest and after acute physical exercise.
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