Abstract
BackgroundEnhancing angiogenesis is critical for accelerating wound healing. Application of different types of exosomes (Exos) to promote angiogenesis represents a novel strategy for enhanced wound repair. Saliva is known to accelerate wound healing, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.ResultsOur results have demonstrated that saliva-derived exosomes (saliva-Exos) induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in vitro, and promote cutaneous wound healing in vivo. Further experiments documented that Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2O (UBE2O) is one of the main mRNAs of saliva-Exos, and activation of UBE2O has effects similar to those of saliva-Exos, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, UBE2O decreases the level of SMAD family member 6 (SMAD6), thereby activating bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), which, in turn, induces angiogenesis.ConclusionsThe present work suggests that administration of saliva-Exos and UBE2O represents a promising strategy for enhancing wound healing through promotion of angiogenesis.
Highlights
Enhancing angiogenesis is critical for accelerating wound healing
Western blotting documented that the particles contained enriched proteins CD81 and tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein (TSG101), but did not contain calnexin (Fig. 1c), confirming that the Exos were successfully isolated from the salivary samples
Saliva‐Exos accelerate cutaneous wound healing in vivo To determine the role of saliva-Exos in wound repair, equal amounts of phosphate buffer saline (PBS), saliva, and saliva-Exos were injected around the wound site
Summary
Enhancing angiogenesis is critical for accelerating wound healing. Application of different types of exosomes (Exos) to promote angiogenesis represents a novel strategy for enhanced wound repair. Saliva is known to accelerate wound healing, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Chronic wounds impact the health and quality of life of patients and pose a significant socioeconomic burden for the entire healthcare system [2]. Exos are small vesicles enriched with bioactive molecules such as lipids, proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs [10]. Exos, containing these molecules, can be transferred into target cells to affect cellular functions [11, 12].
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