Sagoe Starch Derived Hard Carbons As Anodes for Sodium Ion Battery

Abstract

Based on the chemical similarity, large abundance and cheap price, sodium ion battery (SIB) can become a promising alternative to subsitute lithium ion battery (LIB). The main issue of the development of SIB is to look for a suitable anode material since graphite, the anodes in LIB, can not be used in SIB because of the unstable thermodynamic properties . In this work, we report the synthesis of hard carbon anodes for SIB from sagoe starch that are prepared by hydrothermal carbonization followed by the pyrolysis process at moderate temperature between 500 °C and 900 °C. Morphology studies show that the hard carbon is very porous porous with interconnected porous network. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic analysis show that the carbon materials have disordered carbon structure with large interlayer spacing pf 0.39 nm. The electrochemical characterizations reveal that hard carbon which is prepared at 700 °C (STHC-700) shows the best performance, showing 375 mAh g−1 and 290 mAh g−1, initial discharge and charge capacities, respectively. Specific capacities of about 268 mAh g−1 and 178 mAh g−1 are obtained for WHC-700 material at a current density of 50 and 200 mA g−1, respectively. The sagoe starch produce hard carbon material at moderate pyrolysis temperature with microstructural properties and large interlayer spacing. These properties are contributing for the excellent electrochemical performance as anodes for sodium ion batteries.