Sagittal Inclination Angle of Graft Is Associated With Knee Stability After Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Abstract

To evaluate whether the sagittal inclination angle (SIA) of a graft is associated with postoperative knee stability after anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. All patients who had undergone anatomic ACL reconstruction between April 2014 and September 2015 in addition to volunteers with no history of knee injury were eligible for inclusion in this study. The patients were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging of the knee in full extension at 1 year after surgery, as were volunteers. The posterior tibial slope (PTS) angle and the SIA of the intact ACL and reconstructed graft were measured relative to each medial and lateral tibial plateau. The patients were examined for knee stability by the side-to-side difference in the anterior tibial translation on stress radiographs at minimum 2-year follow-up. We included 43 patients (26 male, 17 female, mean age 32.8 ± 14.8 years) and 12 volunteers (7male, 5 female, mean age 28.7 ± 3.1 years) as normal controls. The mean follow-up duration was 29.8 ± 3.6 months. The mean PTS angle and mean SIA in the patients did not significantly differ from those of the intact ACL. The PTS angle in the patients was not significantly correlated with postoperative side-to-side difference in the anterior tibial translation. However, the graft SIA was significantly correlated with the postoperative anterior tibial translation (medial SIA; r= 0.42, P= .005, lateral SIA; r= 0.52, P < .001). Even if anatomically reconstructed, the graft SIA in reference to the tibial plateau at full knee extension is variable and is associated with postoperative knee stability. The larger graft SIA was correlated with graft laxity after anatomic ACL reconstruction. Level III, retrospective comparative study.